Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death and a major public health problem, universally. According to accumulated data, every year, approximately 8.5 million people died because of the lethality of cancer. Recently, a new RNA domain-containing endonuclease-based genome engineering technology, namely the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 (Cas9) have been proved as a powerful technique in the treatment of cancer due to its multifunctional properties including high specificity, accuracy, time reducing and cost-effective strategies with minimum off-target effects. The present review investigates the overview of recent studies on the newly developed genome-editing strategy, CRISPR/Cas9, as an excellent pre-clinical therapeutic option in the reduction and identification of new tumor target genes in the solid tumors. Based on accumulated data, we revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 significantly inhibited the robust tumor cell growth (breast, lung, liver, colorectal, and prostate) by targeting the oncogenes, tumor-suppressive genes, genes associated to therapies by inhibitors, and genes associated to chemotherapies drug resistance, and suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 could be a potential therapeutic target in inhibiting the tumor cell growth by suppressing the cell-proliferation, metastasis, invasion and inducing the apoptosis during the treatment of malignancies in the near future. The present review also discussed the current challenges, and barriers and proposed future recommendations for a better understanding.

Globally, the availability of phosphorus (P) to crops remains limited in two-thirds of the soils, which makes it less accessible to plants and ultimately associated with low crop yields. The present study investigated the effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB; Pseudomonas spp.) for the improvement of phosphorus in mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties and growth of net grain and biological yields. Results showed that inoculation of mung bean varieties with PSB at the rate of 100 g/kg seed significantly improved the root and shoot dry weight of about 1.13 and 12.66 g, root and shoot length of 14.49 and 50.63 cm, root and shoot phosphorus content of 2629.39 and 4138.91 mg/kg, a biological yield of 9844.41 kg/ha, number of pods of 17 per plant, number of grains of 9 per pod, grain yield of 882.23 kg/ha, and 1000-grain weight of 46.18 g after 60 days of observation. It was also observed that PSB-treated varieties of mung bean showed the maximum photosynthetic yield, photosynthetic active radiation, electron transport rate, and momentary fluorescent rate of 0.75, 364.32, 96.12, and 365.33 μmol/m2 s, respectively. The highest harvest index of 13.28% was recorded by P-treated mung beans. Results disclosed that inoculation of seeds of mung bean with PSB exhibited different effects in measured parameters. It is concluded that PSB possessed remarkable results in measured parameters compared to the control and highlighted that PSB could be an effective natural sustainable fertilizer for mung bean cultivation in sandy soil.

In December 2019, a novel virus, namely COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, developed from Wuhan, (Hubei territory of China) used its viral spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) for the entrance into a host cell by binding with ACE-2 receptor and cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data revealed that the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 affected more than 24,854,140 people with 838,924 deaths worldwide. Until now, no licensed immunization or drugs are present for the medication of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to investigate the latest developments and discuss the candidate antibodies in different vaccine categories to develop a reliable and efficient vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a short time duration. Besides, the review focus on the present challenges and future directions, structure, and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 for a better understanding. Based on data, we revealed that most of the vaccines are focus on targeting the spike protein (S) of COVID-19 to neutralized viral infection and develop long-lasting immunity. Up to phase-1 clinical trials, some vaccines showed the specific antigen-receptor T-cell response, elicit the humoral and immune response, displayed tight binding with human-leukocytes-antigen (HLA), and recognized specific antibodies to provoke long-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2.