The study aims to explore the role of Hindi dubbed cartoons in instilling linguistic patterns and culture among primary school students of Lahore. The study verifies the hypothesis that Hindi dubbed cartoons are instilling linguistic patterns and culture among children. The measures for collecting data included an indigenous demographic sheet, questionnaire for school going children, and questionnaire for parents. The sample of the current research comprised of 200 respondents (students=100 and parents=100) from Lahore city through convenient sampling. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.00. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between watching Hindi dubbed cartoons, instilling linguistic pattern and culture. The findings revealed that there is significant correlation between watching Hindi dubbed cartoon and instilling linguistic pattern and culture. The findings cater insight for future researchers.

English is a global language and it is essential for a second language learner to be proficient in it to be able to communicate effectively in different situations. It is the second language and has become wide spread language of television, newspaper, law, mass media, social media, documentation, technology, business and economy in our country. Keeping in view the importance of English language it is essential to teach it effectively so that students may be fluent and proficient in it. The ever increasing fame and demand of this language has also caused increased demand of students’ competency and proficiency in this language. The problem in Pakistan is that majority of the students, after reading English for many years as compulsory subject, are unable to use English proficiently. Purpose of this study was also to investigate about the effective teaching methodology for teaching English as second language in Pakistan. The research is based on the mixed method research approach. For quantitative paradigm data were collected through a close-ended questionnaire and for qualitative data structured observation was used. The data were analysed through SPSS software. Data were collected from four universities including government and private universities of Multan through convenient sampling. It was found that grammar translation method and Direct Method are mostly used by the teachers, and other methods are ignored. Majority of the teachers are not using appropriate teaching method according to the level and needs of learners and are not focused on practice of language skills, due to which, students are not proficient in English as second language. It was suggested that teachers should use appropriate teaching methods according to the needs of the learners. Furthermore, it was recommended that eclectic approach should be used for effective teaching of English as Second language. Keywords: Eclectic Approach, Teaching Methods, Teaching Techniques, Second Language Teaching. Effective Teaching

The focus of this research was depiction of and persuasion on national interest agenda through semiotics of Pakistani newspapers. It targeted a broad comparison among the semiotics as depicted in two Pakistani English newspapers i.e., Dawn and The Nation. To achieve the objectives, the study was divided into two parts: In part 1 the semiotics were analyzed and in part 2 the written part of political cartoons was analyzed. The study devised an integrated framework of analysis by blending Barthes (1957) theory of semiotics and Fairclough’s (1995) ‘three dimensional’ CDA model for interpretation and explanation of semiotics’ discourse. The study revealed the frequent use of multiple persuasion modes in political cartoons of both the newspapers’ semiotics and discourse. While comparing the two newspapers’ semiotics and discourse, the study also found that daily ‘Dawn’ semiotics played very negligible role in persuasion on national interest agenda of establishing military courts. However, ‘The Nation’ semiotics contributed positively towards national interest agenda-setting. The study recommended careful comparison between various newspapers by readership in order to know the ideological bent of newspapers while representing the facts and opinions.

OBJECTIVES Most obstructive airway disease medications are used via inhalers, and their proper use is significant for effectively treating these diseases. Most patients misuse it. However, some studies showed that many physicians also do not know the proper meter dose inhaler with the spacer technique. This study aimed to assess metered-dose inhalers with spacer technique among postgraduate trainee doctors. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The total time was six months, from Dec 6 2020, to Jun 5 2021. Postgraduate trainee (PGT) doctors of either gender with an age range of 25 to 35 years were included in the study from different departments. Those with every use of inhalers were excluded from the study. Demographic details of PGTs, like age and gender, were recorded. RESULTS Among 96 patients, males were 85 (88.54%), and females were 11 (11.46%). The mean age was 30.02±1.84 years, and the mean training experience was 2.0521 ±0.89. Inhaler technique was Proper in 20 (20.83%), Improper in 51 (53.13%) and Poor in 25 (26.04%) doctors. Those with more training periods, pulmonology rotation, attended workshops on inhaler techniques and with relatives using inhalers were more acknowledged of proper meter dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacer technique. CONCLUSION Only one-fifth of the postgraduate trainees know proper MDIs techniques. The attendance of workshops and pulmonology rotation is encouraged to enhance the knowledge of physicians regarding MDIs techniques.

Spanking to discipline a child has been a matter of great debate and concern throughout history. However, there is no such literature available on the relationship between gender, age and spanking to discipline a child from Multan district. Realizing the severity and importance of the current project was initiated to explain the views of parents and teachers on a Likert scale. A quantitative random survey research using a standardized instrument was carried out during 2020. Data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Chi square test results revealed that there is a significant relationship between gender and spanking to discipline. However, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation do not show any significant relationship between the two variables. Both genders favour spanking to discipline children. However, females believe more in spanking to discipline. Keywords: Child discipline, correlation, punishment, spanking, personality, behaviour