Background: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that have symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory syndromes. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide appropriate strategies to raise knowledge and health behavior of students of the University of Medical Sciences to prevent COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional and descriptive study, and the online questionnaire was used by random sampling. Our sample size was 360 subjects and the statistical population was the students of the University of Medical Sciences. We used the nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) and (Chi-Square & t-test) for statistical analysis. Results: The test results were statistically significant for students’ health behavior (p <  0.01, df –99). The knowledge of women was higher than men (F = 5.32, p <  0.02). Conclusion: The results show that the Ministry of Health has acted well in promoting students’ knowledge and health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that such research be conducted in the public statistical population.

Article InfoBackground: Observing ethical principles is a part of nursing occupation and nurses should be aware of the importance of this subject when providing nursing care in order to provide their skills based on occupational ethics. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and the workplace spirituality with the nurses' occupational ethics through the mediating role of job enthusiasm. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional-descriptive study. The study population consisted all man and woman nurses working at hospitals in Zahedan City, Iran. Cluster sampling method was used to select the sample group. A total of 160 nurses were selected as the sample for the study. To collect data, the organizational spirituality questionnaire proposed by Milliman, et al., standard occupational ethics questionnaire by Gregory C. Petty and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) by French et al., and job enthusiasm questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed using path analyzing method. Results: The present study showed that the job enthusiasm variable plays a mediating role between workplace spirituality and occupational stress with the nurses' occupational ethics (P < 0.001). In addition, the positive effect of workplace spirituality (0.277) and negative occupational stress (-0.204) was significant on occupational ethics (P < 0.001). Conclusions:The results of the study, in line with other studies, show that occupational stress and workplace spirituality with impact on job enthusiasm can explain the occupational ethics of nurses.

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of cognitive emotion regulation and meaning in life with health anxiety in nurses working in emergency department. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive research in the form of correlation and prediction. The sample included 100 emergency nurses in Sari City, Iran selected by randomized method of sampling. The participants completed items of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and health anxiety questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices, Pearson correlation analysis, Partition coefficient, and multivariate regression, using SPSS. Results: The results suggested a significant relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and health anxiety, especially in the subscale of rumination in terms of negative cognitive emotion regulation. Also, there was a significant relationship between meaning in life and health anxiety. Conclusion: Generally, findings of this research can be useful in future studies regarding the effect of meaning in life and cognitive emotion regulation on health anxiety.

Background: Nurses' direct exposure to COVID-19 patients and resulting health anxiety can threaten their performance of human and moral duties. Materials and Methods: This work was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was all nurses working in the intensive care unit of COVID-19 patients in Ardabil hospitals in the 2021 year, from which 150 people were selected by convenient sampling. Data were collected using the Health Anxiety Inventory, Scale for Existential Thinking, and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the association between empathy and health anxiety was negative and significant (r = -0.47, P <0.001), and that between empathy and existential thinking was positive and significant (r = 0.31, P <0.001). Also, the correlation coefficients between health anxiety and existential thinking showed a negative and significant association between the two variables (r = -0.28, P <0.001). In addition, the moderated hierarchical regression analysis showed that the interactive effect of health anxiety and existential thinking on nurses' empathy with patients with COVID-19 was 29%. Conclusion: According to the finding of this study, strengthening the spiritual attitude and existential thinking among the nurses of the COVID-19 ward was necessary to reduce health anxiety and its negative effects on the empathetic comunication with patients.

Background: The majority of patients living with chronic pain faces several challenges; therefore, factors affecting their adaptation to the disease to provide appropriate therapeutic methods and meditation and relaxation therapy should be identified. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and psychosocial adjustment, and the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 240 patients with chronic pain referred to the orthopedic centers in Ardabil in 2019 selected by convenience sampling. Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used for data collection. Also, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 19 and AMOS V. 21. Results: The findings confirmed the negative and direct effect of perceived burdensomeness (β = -0.11 and P < 0.01), as well as the positive and direct effect of pain self-efficacy (β = 0.86 and P < 0.01) on psychosocial adjustment. On the other hand, perceived burdensomeness (β = -0.32, P < 0.01) had a negative and direct effect on pain self-efficacy. The indirect effect of perceived burdensomeness and pain self-efficacy on psychosocial adjustment to illness was also confirmed. Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the feelings of pain self-efficacy mediate the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and psychosocial adjustment in patients with chronic pain. That can also be important for the patient and their caregivers in relation to other chronic illnesses. Chronic diseases can also affect patients and their caregivers.