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The interest in the use of green-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is shown to have increased due to their biocompatibility and reduction of overall production costs. The current study aimed to evaluate a novel nanocomposite (NC) prepared by using a combination of zinc oxide, silver and chitosan with lemon extract as a cross-linking agent and assessed its antimicrobial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The NPs and NC were prepared individually using a modification of previously established methods. Ananalys is of the physiochemical properties of the NC was conducted using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging(HR-TEM; JEOL Ltd., Akishima-shi, Japan. The microbial reduction with this novel NC was evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a tube assay analytic technique. A time-kill assay analysis was conducted to evaluate the kinetic potential against E. faecalis at different time intervals. The novel NC showed a homogenous nanoparticle size under TEM imaging and under UV-Vis established an absorption range of 350–420 nm making it similar to its individual counterparts. The MIC and MIB were measured at 62.5 ± 20 mg/L (p < 0.05) and 250 ± 72 mg/L (p < 0.05), respectively. A time-kill assay analysis for the NC showed 5 h was required to eradicate E. faecalis. Based on the achieved results, it was seen that the novel NC using a combination of silver, zinc oxide and chitosan showed improved antimicrobial action against E. faecalis compared with its individual components under laboratory conditions. A complete eradication of 108 log units of E. faecalis at 250 mg/L occurred after a total of 5 h. These preliminary results establish the use of lemon extract-mediated silver, zinc and chitosan-based NC had an antibacterial effectiveness against E. faecalis similar to the individual counterparts used for its production under laboratory conditions.

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Background and Aim: Dental caries is a multifactorial, widespread chronic infection of the enamel, or dentin caused by plaque. Susceptible tooth surfaces, saliva, oral micro flora, and dietary carbohydrates are the main factors involved in the development of dental caries. Treatment and prevention management of caries among the population is measured in terms of prevalence and severity of anterior teeth caries. The present study's aim was to determine the prevalence of anterior teeth caries among adults. Methodology: This epidemiological study was conducted on 1276 patients reporting for treatment at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia from January 2021 to July 2021. Detection of carries was carried out as per World Health Organization (WHO). Based on demographic details such as age, gender, occupation, and diet, the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was assessed. All the data was coded and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 1276 patients, male and female patients were 814 (63.8%) and 462 (36.2%) respectively. The incidence of carious anterior teeth was 263 (32.2%) in males whereas 149 (32.3%) in female patients. The overall incidence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25%being prevalent in male patients with an age range from 21 years to 30 years. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age (p<0.05), diet (p<0.05), location (p<0.05), teeth malalignment (p<0.05), and oral hygiene (p<0.05). However, anterior decay had no significant association with gender (p=0.673) and occupation (p=.167). Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. Conclusion: Our study found that the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25% and Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age, location, oral hygiene, diet, and teeth malalignment. But no significant association among carious anterior teeth, occupation, and gender. Keywords: Anterior caries, prevalence, dental caries