We carried out post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in 51 patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia not in remission. The first 10 patients received nonmyeloablative conditioning followed by planned granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) on days 35, 60, and 90. No patient developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but 90% had disease progression between 3 and 6 months. A subsequent 41 patients received myeloablative conditioning (MAC); the first 20 patients did not receive DLIs (MAC group) and the next 21 patients received G-CSF-mobilized DLIs (G-DLI) on days 21, 35, and 60 (MAC-DLI group). The incidence of disease progression and progression-free survival at 18 months were 66% and 25% in the MAC group compared with 21.4% and 61.9% in the MAC-DLI group (P = .01). Chronic GVHD but not acute GVHD was increased in the MAC-DLI group (41.2% versus 11%, P = .05). Natural killer cell alloreactive donor was associated with lower incidence of disease progression in the MAC but not in MAC-DLI group. The only factor favorably influencing disease progression and progression-free survival was administration of G-DLI after myeloablative conditioning. Our study shows that early administration of G-DLI is feasible after PTCy-based haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and might be associated with improved survival after MAC.

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Background. Transfusion safety begins with healthy donors. A fundamental part of preventing transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is to notify and counsel reactive donors. Donor notification and counselling protect the health of the donor and prevent secondary transmission of infectious diseases. Methods. 113,014 donations were screened for TTIs, namely, HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis, by serology and nucleic acid testing. All reactive donors were retested (wherever possible) and notified of their status by telephone or letter. All initial reactive screens were followed over six months. Results. We evaluated 2,838 (2.51%) cases with reactive screening test results (1.38% HBV, 0.54% HCV, 0.27% HIV, and 0.32% syphilis). Only 23.3% of donors (662) responded to notification. The response among voluntary donors was better as compared to the replacement donors (43.6% versus 21.2%). Only 373 (56.3%) responsive donors followed their first attendance at referral specialties. Over six months, only 176 of 662 (26.6%) reactive donors received treatment. Conclusion. Our study shed light on the importance of proper donor counselling and notification of TTI status to all reactive donors who opt to receive this information. There is also an urgent need to formulate the nationally acceptable guidelines for notification and follow-up of reactive donors.

P. vivax has immense potential to cause life threatening complications and even death, more research is required to understand the exact pathogenesis of various complications encountered in vivax malaria.