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Nanoscale multilayer structure TiO2/BaTiO3/TiO2 has been fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by chemical solution deposition method. Highly uniform bipolar resistive switching (BRS) characteristics have been observed in Pt/TiO2/BaTiO3/TiO2/Pt cells. Analysis of the current-voltage relationship demonstrates that the space-charge-limited current conduction controlled by the localized oxygen vacancies should be important to the resistive switching behavior. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that oxygen vacancies in TiO2 play a crucial role in the resistive switching phenomenon and the introduced TiO2/BaTiO3 interfaces result in the high uniformity of bipolar resistive switching characteristics.

A phenomenological thermodynamic model of ferroelectric nanowires is developed to investigate the size-temperature phase diagrams. Considering existence of the surface tension, size, and external applied stress effects, the approximated expressions of the transition temperatures at which the paraelectric phase loses its stability with respect to the appearance of the spontaneous polarization are derived. At the same time, the size-temperature phase diagrams as functions of the ferroelectric nanowire radius are obtained, and also show its external mechanical stress controllability.

Persistent luminescence was found in Mg2+ and Pr3+ co-doped congruent LiNbO3 single crystal wherein the Mg2+ plays a key role.

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