Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the renoprotection effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/2 blockade association by indomethacin (IMT) in the mice model. Methods: After the left renal pedicle of mice was clamped, IMT was administrated by intraperitoneal injection with four doses: 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg. Blood and kidney samples were collected 24 h after IRI. The renal functions were assayed by the cytokines and serum creatinine (SCr) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Kidney samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry stainings. Results: The mice administered with 5 mg/kg IMT had a marked reduction in SCr and significantly less tubular damage. The tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) activity in renal homogenates and interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity in serum had a marked reduction at doses of 5 and 7 mg/kg IMT. The administration of 3 and 5 mg/kg IMT had a marked reduction in the ratio of thromboxane B2 to 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α . COX-1 and COX-2 stainings were weaker in 5 mg/kg IMT groups than that in the other groups. Conclusions: There was a dose response in the IMT function of renal IRI in mice, and IMT had a protective effect in a certain dose range. The effect of IMT on mice IRI was related to COX-1/2 blockades.

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The intestinal microbiome has a great influence on human health through its close interaction with the human body, including growth, development, maturation, immunity, and anti-aging. Numerous studies have reported that the intestinal microbiome is related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Variable clinical interventions, such as prebiotics and probiotics have been widely used to cure people. However, probiotics might suffer from viability issues. Therefore, new technologies are being exploited to solve these problems. In this review, we describe the correlation between the intestinal microbiome and children respiratory diseases, present therapies based on microecological theory, and introduce some new technologies aimed to improve the efficacy of microbiological therapies.