Thermal fluctuations in time-dependent quantum processes are treated by a constant-temperature generalization of Wigner's formulation of quantum mechanics in phase space. To this end, quantum Nosè-Hoover dynamics is defined by generalizing the Moyal bracket. Computational applications of the formalism, together with further theoretical developments, are discussed.

One of the authors has already reported a new type of miniature bi-axial gyro-sensor with a disk-type resonator. The gyro-sensor was used to detect bi-axial signals and therefore consisted of a quadrant-electrode-piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) disk and a globular weight, bonded and placed, respectively, on each surface of a metal disk. When an angular rate at right angles to the vibration was added to the sensor, Coriolis force was applied to give a deflective motion to the globular weight. Therefore, the sensor could detect bi-axial angular rates simultaneously. However, in this condition, the sensor did not have good temperature characteristics of sensitivity; the difference between the resonance frequencies of the two modes used was changed by the ambient temperature. In order to improve the temperature characteristics of resonance frequencies of the two modes, we studied the frequency compensation circuit for the driving mode. Moreover, we developed a voltage corrective circuit to achieve stable temperature characteristics of driving voltage. When applying the two compensation methods, the temperature characteristics of sensitivity showed changes of only -15 to 5% over the temperature range of -10°C to 80°C. This characteristic satisfied the general specifications for video cameras.

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.

In this study, a new one-chip-style quartz crystal motion sensor which detects one-axis angular velocity and one-axis acceleration is proposed. Some characteristics of the sensor are simulated by the finite element method, along with some simulations of vibrational characteristics. This sensor is aimed to be used as a small wristwatch-type instrumentation unit to monitor some motions of the human body. The dimensions of the prototype sensor are 16 mm in length, 6 mm in width and 0.3 mm in thickness. The sensor consists of two parts with different functions; one part is a flatly supported vibratory gyrosensor using a quartz crystal trident-type tuning fork resonator and the other is a frequency-changeable type acceleration sensor. The results of simulations show, that the gyrosensor part has a good linearity of sensitivity, although it is also sensitive to an angular velocity which could not be detected fundamentally. It also has a good linearity of sensitivity for detection of acceleration.

Summary: The metabolism of clonidine in rats, dogs and monkeys was investigated after subcutaneous ad ministration of 14C-clonidine or after application of a transdermal delivery system containing 14C-clonidine, 14C-M-5041T .1. In male rats after subcutaneous dosing, unchanged clonidine was mainly found in the urine, followed by the conjugate of CM-4, a hydroxylated metabolite of the phenyl ring. CM-4 was also found in the feces and bile.2. The metabolic profile in male rats after 21 times repeated subcutaneous dosing was similar to that af ter single dosing. Certain metabolites were bound tightly to the constituent proteins of aorta.3. Unchanged clonidine was mainly found in the skin at the application site of male rats after application of 14C-M-5041T. The metabolic profile was similar to that after subcutaneous dosing.4. In male dogs after subcutaneous dosing, CM-1, a metabolite formed by cleavage of the imidazolidine ring, was mainly found, whereas the unchanged clonidine was found in minor quantities in the urine and feces. The metabolic profile in a male monkey was similar to that in dogs.5. From the above results, main metabolic pathways of clonidine were proposed to be the hydroxylation and conjugation of the phenyl ring in rats, and the oxidation and cleavage of the imidazolidine ring in dogs and monkeys.