Background and aims. All-on-four technique involves the use of tilted implants to allow for shorter cantilevers. This finite element analysis aimed at investigating the amount and distribution of stress in maxillary bone surrounding the implants with all-on-four vs. frequently used method with six implants technique using different numbers and inclination angles.Materials and methods. A 3D edentulous maxillary model was created and implants were virtually placed anterior to the maxillary sinus and splinted with a superstructure. In total, five models were designed. In the first to the fourth models, four implants were placed with distal implants inclined 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees, respectively. In the fifth model, six vertical implants were placed. 100 N loading was placed in the left most distal region of the superstructure. Maximum von Mises stress values were evaluated in cancellous and cortical bone.Results. The maximum stress values recorded in cancellous and cortical bone were 7.15 MPa and 51.69 MPa, respectively (model I). The reduction in stress values in models II to V 6%, 18%, 54%, and 24% in cancellous bone and 12%, 36%,62%, and 62% in cortical bone, respectively.Conclusion. Increasing the inclination in posterior implants resulted in reduction of cantilever length and maximum stress decline in both cancellous and cortical bone. The effect of cantilever length seems to be a dominant factor which can diminish stress even with less number of implants.

Considering the benefits of the FMD method, such as patient and dentist comfort, systemic effects, and its cost-effectiveness, use of this method is suggested in patients suffering from periodontitis.

The essential oil of ziziphora exhibited a favourable antibacterial effect on ; therefore, its extract can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent alone or in association with other antibiotics in the treatment of infections due to.

Background. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth caused by specific microorganisms or a group of microorganisms and, if not treated, leads to progressive degradation of the supporting tissues and subsequent loss of the teeth affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IL-36γ on periodontitis by enhancing the TLR4 and MAPK signaling pathways. Methods. In this pilot study, 50 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis and 50 individuals with healthy periodontium, who were candidates for crown lengthening (CL), were selected based on inclusion criteria. The tissue samples were taken during pocket depth surgery (for the test group) and CL surgery (for the control group). The macrophage cells of the inflammatory tissues were extracted and stimulated by TLR4 proteins in a time-dependent manner; then IL-36γ levels in macrophages were investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations and frequency percentages). Repeat measurement test was used to compare IL36γ expression in MAPK and TLR4 pathways at different time intervals. ANCOVA was used to compare IL36γ expression at different time intervals between the two pathways. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 at a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The results of the current study showed a significant relation between TLR4 and IL-36γ (P<0.001); in tissues with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis, there was a significant relation between the condition and IL-36γ (P<0.0001). This study also showed that TLR4 and MAPK levels increased in the presence of IL-36γ. Conclusion. According to the present study, it was concluded that IL-36γ concentrations increased in periodontitis, which could trigger MAPK and TLR4 pathways.

Zataria multiflora Boiss' essential oil is a natural product that would be able to effect on food-borne bacteria. In this research ethanol based antimicrobial zein edible films containing added 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 % (w/v) Zataria multiflora and glycerol as a plasticizer were created. The films were effective against Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus.