Purpose This paper aims to explore the application of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) flower (DF) as a functional antioxidative ingredient in goat meat product. Design/methodology/approach Dried DF was included in the product formulation at 1% (Treatment I) and 2% (Treatment II) levels. The physicochemical, colour, textural and sensory quality as well as storage stability of nuggets with DF were determined against control. Findings The dried DF was found to be rich source of protein and dietary fibre, possessing good antioxidant potential. Chromatographic analysis of DF extract showed presence of 14 active principles known to have antioxidative properties. Inclusion of dried DF decreased pH values of emulsion (p = 0.005) as well as nuggets (p < 0.001) and increased (p < 0.001) the ash, dietary fibre and phenolic contents. The added DF affected the product’s lightness (p = 0.017), yellowness (p < 0.001, hardness (p < 0.001), adhesiveness (p = 0.032), cohesiveness (p = 0.006), gumminess and chewiness (p < 0.001). Sensory characteristics of control and product with DF were statistically similar except low (p = 0.002) flavour score for Treatment II. DF inclusion lowered (p < 0.001) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances number and total plate count. Research limitations/implications DF can be used as a source of antioxidants and dietary fibre in goat meat nuggets to enhance their health value, functionality and storage stability. Originality/value Foods including goat meat nuggets enriched with goodness of functional ingredients like dietary fibre and natural antioxidants are gaining consumer’s preference globally. Inclusion of drumstick flower in goat meat nuggets significantly increases the dietary fibre and antioxidants making such products healthier and more stable. Consumption of goat meat nuggets added with drumstick flower is expected to improve consumer’s well-being as well.

Diabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disorder. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of seed powder of Trigonella foenum-graecum L in alloxan (55 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats. The results obtained showed that extensive oxidative stress is generated in tissues of diabetic rats as evidenced by increased production of hydrogen peroxide, increased accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonanal (4HNE) and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in tissues of diabetic rats. It was observed that the transcription of genes of SOD, GPx, and CAT was also significantly decreased when compared with control. Treatment of Trigonella for 15 days to diabetic rats showed hypoglycemic effect and improved the altered levels of H2O2, MDA, and 4HNE, the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT as well as transcription of these genes in the liver and the brain of diabetic rats.

Materials and methodsMilk sample collection from Local area in Farah and three different animals' cows, Goat and Buffalo with an average age were used for this research. Early morning fresh milk samples were collected from the Cow, Goat and Buffalo with separate containers using standard milking procedures. To avoid contamination, containers used for sample collection were sterilized by soaking in 10% HNO3 for 24hours; then in distilled water for another 24hours after which they were rinsed with more distilled water and finally dried ready for sample collection. The collected samples were immediately packaged and transported for analysis. Proximate AnalysisProximate parameters determined using the AOAC method. Moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude lipid contents were determined by oven drying, furnace, micro Kjeldah, soxlet extraction methods respectively [10]. Mineral analysisThe samples for mineral analysis were digested as per the procedure described by Kolmer [11] with slight modification. Briefly, 0.2 g sample was mixed with 7 ml of nitric acid (HNO3) and 1ml Hydrogen peroxide in 50 ml digestion tube. These samples were then kept in Rheological behavior and comparative analysis of nutrient composition of milk from three different breeds of goats, cows, and buffalo AbstractMilk is a considerable resource of products whose composition varies. Four components are dominant in quantitative terms: water, fat, protein and lactose; while the minor components are minerals, enzymes, vitamins, and dissolved gases. Exogenous nutrients supply in the human diet is required because of their biological significance for common life conservation. Milk is said to be the most unique and ideal class of food, because it meets the nutritional needs of the body better than any single food. This study to investigate the major constituents of milk obtained from three different breeds of cows, Goats and found in local area of village such as Farah reason. Proximate parameters -moisture, ash, crude protein and lipid were determined by AOAC methods and Rheological behavior such as viscosity analysis in milk sample and mineral element analysis by using ICPMS (Perkin Elmer) to determine calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium respectively.

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Diabetes is a group of metabolic disease and associated with impaired glucose metabolism, resulting from defect in insulin secretion, action and both. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the insulin secretion and anti-oxidative potential of Ocimum sanctum extract in diabetic rats. The results showed that extensive oxidative stress is generated in tissues of diabetic rats, increased the production of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin, oxidative stress and decreased insulin secretion. Herbal medicines are widely used because of their effectiveness, no side effect and low cost. Treatment with aqueous suspension of Ocimum sanctum decrease serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin level in diabetic group as compared with control group. Aqueous suspension of Ocimum sanctum showed antidiabetic activity against diabetes.