Well-defined hybrid nanodiscs were produced by employing bicelle formation of a binary lipid mixture in water. The resulting nanoparticles have a lipid bilayer coated with ceramic layers, which are formed by the sol-gel reaction among the alkoxysilyl headgroups of the hybrid lipid. The hybrid bicelles displayed significant morphological stability against dry environments and surfactant addition, in stark contrast to conventional phospholipid bicelles.

b-Carotene is a member of the carotenoid family and is a red-orange pigment abundantly present in many vegetables and fruits. As an antioxidant, it eliminates excessive reactive oxygen species generated in the body. Accordingly, it has potential to be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. b-Carotene has a very low water solubility and low bioavailability; thus, there is a need to develop techniques to overcome these issues. In this study, we aimed to enhance the water solubility of b-carotene by using hot-melt technology, a type of solid dispersions technology. When preparing b-carotene solid dispersion using this method, suitable conditions for the emulsifiers and mixing ratios were investigated using water solubility as an index. Setting the weight ratio of bcarotene:polyvinylpyrrolidone:sucrose fatty acid ester to 10%:70%:20% resulted in the poorly-water soluble b-carotene showing improved water solubility (120 lg/mL). The physicochemical properties of the optimized b-carotene solid dispersion were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction. The solid dispersion was found to have an amorphous structure. The improved solubility observed for b-carotene in the solid dispersions developed in this work may make these dispersions useful as additives in foods or in nutraceutical formulations. Keywords b-Carotene Á Emulsifier Á Water solubility Á Hot-melt technology Á Solid dispersion Á Amorphous Kenji Ishimoto and Shohei Miki have contributed equally to this work.

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