Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease in which the neuron myelin sheath is disrupted and leading to signal transductions disabilities. The evidence demonstrated that gene expression patterns and their related regulating factors are the most critical agents in Multiple Sclerosis demyelinating process. A miRNA is a small non-coding RNA which functions in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Identification of specific miRNA dysregulation patterns in multiple sclerosis blood samples compared to healthy control can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic agent. Through the literature review and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that the hsa-miR-106a-5p can be considered as a significant MS pathogenic factor, which seems has an abnormal expression pattern in patients' blood. Experimental validation using Real-Time PCR assay was carried to verifying the miR-106a-5p expression in Multiple Sclerosis and healthy control blood samples. The obtained results proved the miR-106a dysregulation in MS patients. The expression levels of miR-106a-5p were significantly down-regulated (Fold change=0.44) in patient blood samples compared to controls (p=0.059). Our study suggested that miR-106a-5p may have a biomarker potential to the diagnosis of MS patients based on its dysregulation patterns in Multiple Sclerosis blood.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease in which the neuron myelin sheath is disrupted and leading to signal transductions disabilities. The evidence demonstrated that gene expression patterns and their related regulating factors are the most critical agents in Multiple Sclerosis demyelinating process. A miRNA is a small non-coding RNA which functions in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Identification of specific miRNA dysregulation patterns in multiple sclerosis blood samples compared to healthy control can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic agent. Through the literature review and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that the hsa-miR-106a-5p can be considered as a significant MS pathogenic factor, which seems has an abnormal expression pattern in patients’ blood. Experimental validation using Real-Time PCR assay was carried to verifying the miR-106a-5p expression in Multiple Sclerosis and healthy control blood samples. The obtained results proved the miR-106a dysregulation in MS patients. The expression levels of miR-106a-5p were significantly down-regulated (Fold change=0.44) in patient blood samples compared to controls (p=0.059). Our study suggested that miR-106a-5p may have a biomarker potential to the diagnosis of MS patients based on its dysregulation patterns in Multiple Sclerosis blood.