In order to develop an efficient hip protector to protect the elderly's femur when he (or she) has a fall, the research on characteristics of sponge material is carried out. The buffer rate of material is defined, and the material absorption ability to the instant impact is measured in this paper. An experimental device which can simulate the force state of femur hit by instant impact when the elderly is falling down is developed and used to research the buffer rates of different types of sponge. According to the result, the soft material is effective to absorb small impact, while the harder material is useful for absorbing greater impact. Meanwhile, the buffer rate also largely depends on thickness of the material. Results show that in the same hardness material, the buffer rate of 30mm-thickness is apparently higher than that of 20mm and 10mm-thickness. And, when thickness of the material increases, the sensitivity of the buffer rate to the material hardness and to the instant impact acted on the material decreases. That is, the higher buffer rate could be obtained in a large range of instant impact and hardness of material. This conclusion is very useful for us to select suitable material to make hip protector or other sport protectors.

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study for predicting the acute toxicity 96h - LC50 values of substituted anilines and phenols to carp is presented in this work. For this, the descriptors were obtained with DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311G** level using the Gaussian 03 software package. Afterwards the obtained parameters were taken as theoretical descriptors to establish a QSAR model for predicting -lgLC50. The model contains two variables, energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), which suggest that the main effect on biological toxicity of phenols and anilines is the interaction of electrons between the molecules of organic chemicals. Besides, the model was further validated by variance inflation factors (VIF) and t-test, and show fine stabilities and predictive abilities, which can be used to predict -lgLC50 of these kinds of compounds.

In order to develop a device for the elderly on bed for long-term to do legs rehabilitation exercise, a small-sized magnetic hydro-cylinder without piston rod is researched. The finite element analysis software--Ansoft Maxwell and an experiment device developed by us are used to analyze and to research the magnetic coupling force performance, the effects of the arrangement of the magnet, the separation distance between the magnets and the magnet thickness on the cylinder performance. Finite element analysis and experimental results show that the cylinder wall thickness should be thinned under the premise of meeting the strength requirement, the magnets should be arranged in the reverse direction, the separation distance between the adjacent magnets should be set to 4 mm, the thickness of magnet should be set to about 10 mm. Under those conditions, the better performance of magnetic hydro-cylinder without piston rod can be gotten, and the miniaturization of the cylinder structure can be realized.

The viscoelastic property of buffer material like sponge is an important index of material mechanics performance; it is also the main basis for choosing protective material used as hip protector. In order to research hip protector to prevent the elderly femoral fractures caused by falls, a single degree of freedom forced vibration model is adopted, and a portable viscoelasticity measurement device for sponge material is designed and developed in this paper. On this basis, the performance of the device is investigated, and the experimental research on the viscoelastic property of sponge material is carried out using the device. Investigation results show that the device has characteristics such as simple structure, light weight, and it can effectively realize the material property measurement of sponge material. At the same time, the experimental results to the viscoelasticitic property of sponge material show that the viscoelastic coefficients and usually given the performance index of sponge such as density, hardness have a close relationship. With the increase of sponge material hardness, the material's ability to resist deformation increases, so the viscoelastic coefficient also increases accordingly; but the viscoelasticity of material is also associated with the composition and the structure of the material. This research has obtained the effective method for measurement of the sponge material viscoelasticity, and found the change trend of viscoelasticity to density and hardness of sponge material, that is useful for us to select material of hip protector.

A series of batch mesophilic anaerobic digesntion were conducted using an automatic methane potential test system (AMPTS) and the kinetics of methane production was also discussed using modified Gompertz equation, Logistic function, First-order kinetics model and Transference function, respectively. The results showed that the kitchen waste solid residual was of high biomethane potential, and the maximum specific methane yield was obtained 585 NmL/g TS at inoculums substrate ratio (ISR) 2:1. All of the four models could appropriately fit the accumulative methane production in steady state (R2>0.95), where the 1st-ordre model and Transference function were relatively much better (R2>0.99) than the other two models. The maximum methane production and maximum methane production rate obtained from the Transference function were 569.32 NmL/g TS and 150.22 NmL/g TS day; the maximum kinetics constant obtained from the 1st-order model was 0.272/day; the lag time (λ) was basically negligible in all the cases. These parameters were quite close to the experimental results.