In the era of precision medicine, multi-omics approaches enable the integration of data from diverse omics platforms, providing multi-faceted insight into the interrelation of these omics layers on disease processes. Single cell sequencing technology can dissect the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of bulk tissue and promises to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing both health and disease. Through modification and combination of single cell assays available for transcriptome, genome, epigenome, and proteome profiling, single cell multi-omics approaches have been developed to simultaneously and comprehensively study not only the unique genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of single cells, but also the combined regulatory mechanisms evident only at single cell resolution. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art single cell multi-omics methods and discuss their applications, challenges, and future directions.

Statement: The current article has not been published elsewhere and has not been submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere. Purpose: To investigate the preliminary use of three-dimensional (3D) heads-up display (HUD) viewing system for vitreoretinal surgery under various status. Materials and Methods: Nonrandomized case-control study. Consecutive cases to have vitreoretinal surgery under various status were prospectively recruited. Twenty-five-gauge vitrectomy platform and 3D viewing system were used. Main outcomes included: luminous emittance (lux) of endoillumination pipe, surgical duration, the surgeon and residents' preference and ergonomics. Consecutive patients to have vitreoretinal surgery with the conventional viewing system were recruited as control group following the same inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent surgeries by the same surgeon with the same microscope and vitrectomy platform.Results: Thirty-one patients (31 eyes; Group Study) and twenty-eight patients (28 eyes; Group Control) were included; without significantly statistical difference in terms of age, gender, main diagnosis, surgical duration, and difficulty rating between both groups (all P > 0.05). Lower endoillumination intensity was needed in Group Study than that in Group Control (10% vs. 35%; 598.7 ± 5.4 vs. 1913.0 ± 12.9 lux, P < 0.001). The surgeon and residents expressed overwhelming preference with the 3D system in both groups. Improved ergonomic was rated in Group Study (4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0, P < 0.001). Some intraoperative difficulties and discomforts appeared to the surgeon and assistants when using the 3D viewing system. Conclusion: Vitreoretinal surgery under various status can be well finished with the HUD platform by novice at the system. Main benefits included lower endoillumination intensity, enhanced users' preference, and improved ergonomics. Some further refinements of the system are expected.

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned marine robots that have been used for a broad range of oceanographic missions. They are programmed to perform at various levels of autonomy, including autonomous behaviours and intelligent behaviours. Adaptive sampling is one class of intelligent behaviour that allows the vehicle to autonomously make decisions during a mission in response to environment changes and vehicle state changes. Having a closed-loop control architecture, an AUV can perceive the environment, interpret the data and take follow-up measures. Thus, the mission plan can be modified, sampling criteria can be adjusted, and target features can be traced. This paper presents an overview of existing adaptive sampling techniques. Included are adaptive mission uses and underlying methods for perception, interpretation and reaction to underwater phenomena in AUV operations. The potential for future research in adaptive missions is discussed.

PurposeLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been implicated as an oncogene in the development and progression of osteosarcoma. This study aims to explore the mechanism of NEAT1 in osteosarcoma.Materials and MethodsExpressions of NEAT1 and miR-194 in osteosarcoma tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The effects of NEAT1 knockdown or miR-194 overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, transwell invasive assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to observe the possible interaction between NEAT1 and miR-194.ResultsNEAT1 was upregulated and miR-194 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 or overexpression of miR-194 suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay validated that NEAT1 could interact with miR-194 and negatively modulated its expression. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-194 reversed the suppression of proliferation and invasion and the promotion of apoptosis induced by NEAT1 depletion in osteosarcoma cells.ConclusionKnockdown of NEAT1 suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting miR-194 expression.

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