Charge carrier scattering channels in graphite bridging its valence and conduction band offer an efficient Auger recombination dynamic to promote low energy charge carriers to higher energy states. It is of importance to answer the question whether a large number of charge carriers can be promoted to higher energy states to enhance the quantum efficiency of photodetectors. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of an effective Auger recombination process in the photo-excited nano-graphite film. The time-resolved hot carrier thermalization was analyzed based on the energy dissipation via the Auger scattering channels. We split the Auger recombination occurrence centered at 0.40 eV energy state into scattering and recombination parts, for characterizing the scattering rate in the conduction band and the recombination rate toward the valence band. The scattering time with respect to the energy state was extracted as 8 ps · eV−1, while the recombination time with respect to the energy state was extracted as 24 ps · eV−1. Our study indicates a 300 fs delay between the hot carrier recombination and generation, leading to a 105 ps−1 · cm−3 Auger scattering efficiency. The observed duration for the Auger recombination to generate hot carriers is prolonged for 1 ps, due to the hot carriers energy relaxation bottleneck with optical-phonons in the nano-graphite. The presented analytic expression gives valuable insights into the Auger recombination dynamic to estimate its most efficient energy regime for mid-infrared photodetection.

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Objective Early intervention with neutralizing antibodies is considered to be effective in preventing disease progression in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Elderly patients are the most susceptible and at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The present study aimed to assess the necessity and possible clinical benefits of the early administration of Amubarvimab/Romlusevimab (BRII-196/198) in the elderly population. Methods The present study was designed as a retrospective, multi-center cohort study conducted with 90 COVID-19 patients aged over 60, who were divided into two groups based on the timing of the administration of BRII-196/198 (administration at ≤ 3 days or > 3 days from the onset of infection symptoms). Results The ≤ 3 days group exhibited a greater positive effect (HR 5.94, 95% CI, 1.42–24.83; P < 0.01), with only 2 patients among 21 patients (9.52%) exhibiting disease progression, compared to the 31 patients among the 69 patients (44.93%) of the > 3 days group who exhibited disease progression. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed low flow oxygen support prior to BRII-196/198 administration (HR 3.53, 95% CI 1.42–8.77, P < 0.01) and PLT class (HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.37–9.91, P < 0.01) as independent predictors of disease progression. Conclusions In elderly patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 disease, who do not require oxygen support and had the risk factors for disease progression to severe COVID-19 disease, the administration of BRII-196/198 within 3 days resulted in a beneficial trend in terms of preventing disease progression.

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