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Group-specific human granulocyte antigens are serologically detectable with granulocytotoxic-positive human alloantisera on a cell line, K562, of chronic myelogenous leukemia origin which bears a Philadelphia chromosomal marker. The same cell line lacks serologically detectable HLA, B2 microglobulin, and B-lymphocyte antigens. Granulocyte antigens are important cell markers for cell lines of suspected myeloid lineage.

Of 400 female and 58 normal nonommunized male sera approximately 10% were cytotoxic for a panel of allogeneic granulocytes. Sera with strong alloreactivity were also autoreactive, which emphasized the large autoimmune component of most alloantisera against granulocytes. The cytotoxic granulocyte autoantibodies were complement dependent, of the IgM class, and exhibited optimum cytotoxic activity in vitro at 5 degrees C precomplement incubation temperatures with papain-treated cells. The sera were unreactive with autologous or allogeneic B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, and red blood cells but were cytotoxic for adult and cord granulocytes, eosinophils, and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Granulocyte autoantibodies were present in 53% of sera from 57 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (p less than 0.00002) but were not found in increased frequency in the sera of patients with 28 other diseases. We conclude that a single tissue-specific antigenic determinant(s) called “G” may be present on granulocytes and is the target of naturally occurring autoantibodies.

Highly enriched preparations of monocytes, B and T lymphocytes, and granulocytes from 18 normal donors were serotyped in parallel in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay using allogeneic and heterologous antisera defining three independent tissue antigen systems. HLA and B-lymphocyte tissue antigens were detected on human monocytes although granulocyte antigens were absent. By cytotoxicity testing the presence of Ia-like antigens on monocytes was significantly diminished compared to the autologous B-lymphocyte population and has important implications in B-lymphocyte serology. The study indentified a number of human antisera obtained from multitransfused subjects and pre- and post-transplant organ recipients that were non-HLA and appeared to define monocyte-associated antigens. The serological implications of surface antigen expression on human monocytes compared with other peripheral blood cells are discussed.