ObjectiveAmbulance workers experiences some of the highest risks of job-related violence. This descriptive study was conducted to analyze the exposure to violence and burnout levels of ambulance workers in Turkey.MethodThe research was conducted via web survey with the ambulance staff. The sampling size was 143 ambulance workers who participate in this study. A 30-item questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to collect data.ResultsIn study, 58.7% of respondents were female; 57.3% were paramedics. 86.5% of respondents were exposed to verbal abuse, and 35% of them were exposed to physical violence. Swearing and yelling were the most common forms of verbal abuse whereas pushing and throwing objects were the most common forms of physical violence. 47.3% of the physical violence cases were reported. In the sampling, MBI scores indicated that the mean Depersonalization subscale score was X = 7.97 ± 3.82; Emotional Exhaustion subscale score was X = 12.07 ± 6.57; and Personal Accomplishment subscale score was X = 9.16 ± 5.14. Significant differences were determined in MBI scores (p < 0.05) based on the independent variables such as gender, age, profession and exposure to verbal abuse.ConclusionsExposure to violence in ambulance staff is compatible with the literature, exposure to verbal violence is one of the significant factors associated with burnout, and paramedics have a higher level of burnout.

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the hopelessness and family burden levels of parents who have children with intellectual disabilities. Design This was a descriptive correlational study. Methods The study was conducted at a specialized education and rehabilitation center in Fethiye, Turkey, using the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Burden Assessment Scale for Families of Children With Intellectual Disabilities, and the study sample included a total of 95 parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Findings A positive relationship was found between the total scores for hopelessness and the family burden including economic burden, perception of inadequacy, social burden, physical burden, emotional burden, and the required time (p < .05). The study found that the higher the level of family burden on parents, the more hopeless families felt. Conclusion This study’s findings may help rehabilitation nurses to understand the hopelessness of parents and help them find appropriate resources to cope with their burden. Clinical Relevance Nurses should be specialized in the field of rehabilitation and, as rehabilitation nurses, be included in providing integrated care, family education, and counseling services for disabled people in Turkey.

This study analyzes the relationship among high school students' tendencies toward violence, self-esteem, and competitive attitudes. It was conducted in Fethiye, Muğla, between September 2013 and January 2014. The population of the study consisted of 6,531 students from 11 high schools. The participants were determined using stratified random sampling, and the study data were collected from 1,600 students. A personal information form, the Violence Tendency Scale, the Competitive Attitude Scale, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools. In this study, the rate of the participants who were exposed to violence was 15.4%. Of them, 46.2% said that one of their family members was violent toward them, while 27.3% said that their teachers had been violent toward them. Of the participants that were exposed to violence, 55.8% reported psychological violence, 27.3% reported physical violence, and 10.8% reported sexual violence. In the study, tendency toward violence is a dependent variable, while competitive attitude and self-esteem are independent variables. Family type, exposure to violence, and demographics are control variables. Age, class, school, family attitude, and exposure to violence are the variables that created significant differences in the tendency for violence. The present study showed that there was an inverse and weak yet significant relationship between the students' tendencies toward violence and competitiveness ( r = -.169), and a positive and weak relationship between tendency toward violence and self-esteem ( r = .238). Also, there was an inverse and low-level significant relationship between competitiveness and self-esteem ( r = -.121). The variables which affect the tendency toward violence are gender, exposure to violence, competitiveness, age, self-esteem, and extended family type in a descending order regarding their importance. The predictive power of the variables on the tendency toward violence was 16.8%, which is not statistically significant.

ÖZETAmaç: Şiddet günümüzün önemli sorunlarındandır ve hastanelerin acil servis üniteleri şiddete maruz kalma riskinin daha fazla olduğu ortamlardandır. Muğla ilinde gerçekleştirilen bu tanımlayıcı çalışma, kamu hastaneleri acil servislerinde görevli sağlık çalışanlarının şiddete maruz kalma durumlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Methods: The population of the study included 280 health professionals working within the emergency departments of public hospitals located in the province of Muğla. The sample included 198 health professionals who had agreed to participate in the study. The study data were collected using a questionnaire involving 40 responses which was specially created by the researchers based on relevant previous literature. Data analysis was undertaken by computer using the chi-squared test and by calculating numbers and percentages. Gereç veResults: Of the participants, 69.7% were female, 76.8% were nurses, and 57.6% had been working in the emergency department for between one and five years. 90.4% had been exposed to verbal abuse, while 23.2% had been exposed to actual physical violence. A majority of the manifestations of verbal abuse came from patients' relatives. After being exposed to violence, it was determined that workers felt anger, and they felt distant from their work. The rate of notification/reporting of physical violence was 64%, and the rate of receiving psychological support in those that were exposed to violence, was extremely low. It was also found that a majority of healthcare workers thus exposed wished to change the department where they were working. Conclusion:We suggest that the number of precautions for ensuring workers' safety should be increased, legal sanctions should be made more effective as a deterrent, and programmes for preventing violence should be more effective and well-planned in our country.

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