The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system globally, with opportunistic and secondary infections being one of the biggest challenges. Most secondary infections occur as nosocomial infections due to exposure to multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities. Secondary bacterial pneumonia complicates the care of hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients. We present the case of a 77-year-old male who was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia about four weeks before the current presentation to the hospital and was treated symptomatically in the community setting. During workup, he was diagnosed with multifocal pneumonia and right-sided empyema caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He underwent chest tube thoracostomy followed by intrapleural fibrinolysis along with targeted antibiotic therapy. He needed video-assisted thoracoscopy with decortication due to inadequate improvement with intrapleural fibrinolysis. This case is a rare presentation of a community-acquired MRSA lung infection that occurred after recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia. This case emphasizes the importance of monitoring for secondary infections, as well as highlights the extent of secondary infections in COVID-19.

investigated whether reducing the prevalence of insufficient sleep (≤6 hrs.) by 10% or 20% would have a significant impact on attenuating the prevalence of diabetes over a 10-year period. We also explored whether similar observations would be made by increasing the prevalence of individuals engaging in 150 mins/week of moderate physical activity as an alternative to healthy sleep, given the difficulty many have experienced in increasing their habitual sleep time. Results: Based on the simulation model, reducing the prevalence of insufficient sleep by 10% or 20% attenuated the prevalence of diabetes among insufficient sleepers by 1.7% or 2.6%, respectively. By contrast, increasing the prevalence of physical activity by 10% or 20% seemed to be much less impactful. Indeed, the prevalence of diabetes was only reduced by 0.4% or 1.6%, respectively. Conclusion Introduction:Metabolic syndrome poses an increased burden of disease, warranting heightened public health attention. This study assessed effects of birthplace on cardiometabolic profile among blacks with metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea risk, while exploring potential gender-based effects. Methods: This analysis is based on data from 610 black patients (mean age= 63 ± 11 years female=65%) with evidence of metabolic syndrome and were at risk for sleep apnea using the ARES. Participants from four community-based clinics in Brooklyn, NY provided sociodemographic, medical, and clinical data. Clinical data included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin (HbA1c) for those who had a diagnosis of diabetes. General Linear Model (GLM) was used to assess effects of birthplace and gender on cardiometabolic parameters, adjusting for age effects. Results: Of the sample, 61.6 % were foreign-born blacks (FBB) and 38.4 % were US-born blacks (USB Introduction: Sleep problems are frequently reported following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). These problems have yet to be objectively characterized 3 to 12 months post-injury, a timeframe during which symptoms usually subside. At-home actigraphy and a 40 hour sleep deprivation paradigm were used to explore sleep and performance deficits in participants with mTBI compared to healthy controls. Methods: Healthy controls and participants with mTBI in the last 3 to 12 months were recruited (N=15). Sleep data were collected with actigraphy over 14 days as volunteers followed normal at-home routines. In the lab, participants experienced 40 hours of sleep deprivation with subsequent recovery sleep. Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) responses were collected every four hours in lab while participants were awake and the Match to Sample (M2S) task was administered once a day during baseline, sleep deprivation, and recovery. Results: Based on preliminary descriptive analysis, the mTBI group showed less at-home sleep (< 6 h) than the controls (> 6 h). In addition, the mTBI group showed more variability i...

Introduction: Habitual sleep duration is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk and poor mental health. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiometabolic disease risk and mental health. Further, insufficient/excessive sleep is associated with sedentary behavior. It is plausible that benefits of exercise may mitigate some negative effects of insufficient or excessive sleep. Methods: Data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a phone-based survey conducted by the CDC, was used. All participants were asked to report habitual 24-hour sleep, which was recorded as whole numbers and categorized as Very Short (≤4h), Short (5-6h), Normal (7-8h, reference), and Long (≥9h). Participants reported their primary source of physical activity. For this analysis, the following groups were included: None (N=125314), Walking (N=179,996), Running (N=23,153), Gardening (N=26,637), and Yoga/Pilates (N=3370). Outcomes of interest were obesity, depressed mood, and history of hypertension and diabetes. Population-weighted binary logistic regression models evaluated relationships between sleep duration and these outcomes, stratified by activity group. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education. Results: See Table 1. Relationships between sleep duration and health outcomes differed by activity group. Associations with very short sleep were generally maintained across groups. However, relationships with short sleep were somewhat mitigated in running and yoga, and relationships with long sleep were seen less in running and gardening. Conclusions: The relationship between sleep duration and health may be modified by activity. It is possible that activities such as running and yoga may mitigate some of the negative health effects of insufficient or excessive sleep, as long as sleep duration is not extremely short. Also the obesity relationship was particularly unaffected by exercise.