UNIESCO and WHO records show Covid-19 has a major impact on learning activities. This condition changes the learning order of students. So the role of creative and critical thinking is needed in fostering the quality of learning. Students must maximize themselves in order to remain knowledgeable and insightful in accordance with the target learning outcomes. This observation was carried out on a sample of 73 students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program. The analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics, namely substituting all respondents' answers for processing. To see the relevance and relevance of the instrument to the problem of fostering learning quality through creative and critical thinking using the Product Moment correlation method, normality with chi squared, variable role predictions through ANOVA. The results of the analysis show that the role of the creative and critical thinking variables provides a significant contribution in fostering the quality of learning up to 97.5% at an average standard of 4.168. Overall the observed variables were at a very high standard. Students have been doing creative and critical thinking activities to build or maintain the quality of their learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan efektivitas berdaya nalar dalam kegiatan belajar saat daring. Kegiatan bernalar mencakup disiplin diri, berpikir kritis, dam berpikir kreatif. Desain tindakan penelitian dengan metode survei. Terdapat 169 mahasiswa yang terangkum secara acak berdasarkan partisipasi responden dalam mengikuti survei, terdiri dari 19 laki-laki dan dengan persentase 11,23% dan 150 perempuan dengan persentase 88,8%. Sumber data berasal dari tanggapan para responden yang mengisi instrumen. Teknis analisis menggunakan melalui analisis faktor pada instrumen, korelasi Product Moment, deskriptif-mean dan standar deviasi, serta Anova satu arah untuk mendapatkan gambaran signifikansi faktor-faktor tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan tiga komponen utama yang menjadi dasar analisis dan pemetaan terhadap daya nalar di kalangan mahasiswa dalam belajar saat daring berada pada rata-rata 4,035 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Data RMSEA 0,08 dan tidak melebihi 0,08 yang menunjukkan instrumen berkategori baik dan valid pada nilai AR di atas 0,4 dan AVE di atas 0,5. Melalui Anova diketahui nilai F 0,000 < 0,05, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Masing-masing faktor tersebut memiliki karakteristik tersendiri ketika diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan belajar.

This study aims to determine the level of students' ability to write expository texts through a constructivism approach. The class that was used as the experimental class was class X MIPA A, which amounted to 35 students with a sample that would be used as many as 30 students. The data of this research is an essay test instrument which is carried out at the time of the pre-test before the learning process is carried out, and the post-test which is carried out after the learning process is carried out. From the results of the study, the average pre-test was 60.63, and the post-test average was 81.93. From the results of hypothesis testing, it was obtained that tcount < ttable at the 95% confidence level or 1-5 percent, namely 0.7428 <2.0450, so the average post-test value in the experimental class was significant. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning using a constructivist approach can help improve students' ability to write expository texts, which can be seen from the average value of pretest to posttest.

Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the important pest insects that attack rice plants, which indirectly becomes a vector for the spread of grassy dwarf and empty dwarf diseases caused by viruses, and can consume a lot of food in a short time so that it can cause damage explosions and great losses. The aim of this study was to compare the eating response of brown planthopper to resistant and vulnerable rice varieties through the measurement of secreted honeydews. The study was conducted at the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Rice seedlings for honeydew testing were 30 days after sowing. Testing was done by infesting 3 female BPH into a plastic cage with filter paper (Whatman No.40 9 cm in diameter) placed on the bottom, which had been sprayed with a solution of Ninhydrin 0.01 mg/ml in acetone. The treatment consisted of 3 rice varieties (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) on each ovened and non-ovened filter paper, with three replicates so that a total of 18 treatments were used by infesting each with the 3 female BPH nymphs. Whereas, 3 treatments with non-ovened papers, with 3 replicates, were infested with 3 female BPH imago each. So that the treatments involved a total of 27 feeding tubes. Honeydews released by BPH that ate on the test varieties for 24 hours were collected on filter papers and formed blue/purple spots. The extent of the honeydew spots formed was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the average value of phloem consumption in Ciherang, IR-64, and Pelita rice varieties showed that these three varieties were very susceptible to BPH sucking pests. The more food nutrients sucked by BPH pests from rice plants, the greater the number of honeydew spots and the wider the honeydew spots that were produced. The areas of honeydew spots of Pelita variety was 33.78 m2, IR-64 28.26 mm2, and Ciherang 22.44 mm2, respectively. Pelita rice varieties had a high susceptibility to BPH pests when compared to Ciherang and IR-64 because Pelita does not have resistance genes to BPH pests. Keywords: Ciherang, IR-64, Pelita, planthopper, rice, honeydew   ABSTRAK Wereng batang coklat (WBC) merupakan salah satu serangga hama penting yang menyerang tanaman padi, yang secara tidak langsung menjadi vektor bagi penyebaran penyakit kerdil rumput dan kerdil hampa oleh virus, serta dapat mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak dalam waktu singkat sehingga dapat menimbulkan ledakan kerusakan dan kerugian yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon makan WBC pada varietas padi tahan dan rentan melalui pengukuran embun madu yang disekresikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bibit padi untuk pengujian embun madu digunakan saat berumur 30 hari setelah semai. Pengujian dengan menginfestasikan WBC betina ke dalam kurungan plastik yang di bagian bawahnya diletakkan kertas saring (Whatman No. 40 berdiameter 9 cm) yang telah disemprot dengan larutan Ninhidrin 0,01 mg/mL aseton. Perlakuan yang terdiri dari 3 varietas padi (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) pada masing-masing kertas saring oven dan tidak oven dan dengan tiga ulangan sehingga total terdapat 18 perlakuan dengan menginfestasikan masing-masing 3 ekor nimfa betina WBC. Sedangkan pada 3 perlakuan kertas saring tanpa oven, dengan tiga ulangan, yang diinfestasikan masing-masing berupa 3 ekor imago betina WBC. Sehingga total perlakuan seluruhnya meliputi sebanyak 27 tabung makan. Embun madu yang dikeluarkan oleh WBC yang makan pada varietas uji selama 24 jam tertampung pada kertas saring dan membentuk bercak berwarna biru/ungu. Luas bercak embun madu yang terbentuk diukur dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tingkat konsumsi floem pada varietas padi Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga varietas ini sangat rentan terhadap hama pengisap WBC. Semakin banyak nutrisi makanan yang disedot oleh hama WBC dari tanaman padi, maka semakin banyak jumlah spot bercak honeydew dan semakin luas spot bercak honeydew yang dihasilkan. Luas spot untuk varietas Pelita adalah 33,78 m2, IR-64 28,26 mm2, dan Ciherang 22,44 mm2. Varietas padi Pelita memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap hama WBC, bila dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang dan IR-64, karena varietas Pelita ini tidak memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap hama WBC. Kata kunci: Ciherang, honeydew IR-64, padi, Pelita, wereng

The emergence of problems of decreased learning activities and interest in students' writing skills is still low. This study discusses the influence of audiovisual media on the job application letter writing skills of grade XII students at SMAN 1 Pangkalan Lesung. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of audiovisual media on job application letter writing skills in grade XII students at SMAN 1 Pangkalan Lesung. The benefits of research to develop learning media through appropriate educational methods so that they can influence student learning with potential and character. Research methods are obtained with pre-experimental designs, research instruments in the form of pretests and postes job application letter writing skills. Research data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical test techniques, normality tests, and homogeneity tests. The results of the study are audiovisual media affect the learning outcomes of job application letter writing skills for grade XII students at SMAN 1 Pangkalan Lesung, by giving the impression of a pleasant student learning experience, so that students become more motivated, learning becomes less boring, and makes communication easier to achieve effective and efficient learning goals.