Water hyacinth or Eicchornia crassipes is a free-floating aquatic plant and is easily found in swamps or rivers. The rapid growth of water hyacinth can disrupt the aquatic environment, thus water hyacinth is categorized as one of the world’s worst weed. The challenge is not on how to eliminate the number of this weed, but on how to take advantage by the presence of this water plant. Water hyacinth is known to contain high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Water hyacinth was extracted using 96% ethanol/water with mass to solvent ratio of 1:30 at 3 different temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C). Spray drying was conducted to produce extract powder with the addition of maltodexrin and Arabic gum as the encapsulating agents. The stability of liquid and powder extract was compared based on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The highest TPC was obtained from extraction at 30°C whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from extraction at 50°C. In powder extract, the highest TPC and antioxidant activity was obtained from powder with ratio 2:1 of TSS to encapsulating agents. The stability was performed under different storage conditions. The degradation of TPC was faster in room temperature.

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Candlenut oil is a potential source of omega fatty acids that can be used as a food supplement or nutrient for food fortification. It contains high amount of omega fatty acids and also available in high quantity, especially in Indonesia. However, due to its off-odor and its thermalsensitivity which makes candlenut oil prone to oxidation, the application into food products still needs more improvement. Encapsulation is one of the techniques that is used to protect the candlenut oil from oxidation. This research aimed to find the best encapsulating agent to protect the omega content from candlenut oil against oxidation through freeze-drying method. Factors such as encapsulating agent (whey protein isolate, sodium caseinate, β-cyclodextrin, gum Arabic) and ratios of encapsulating agent to oil (3:2, 1:1 and 2:3) were investigated to find out the most appropriate microcapsule and conditions to ensure there will be no change of the candlenut oil characteristics. Moisture content, microencapsulation efficiency (ME), and peroxide value (PV) were analyzed as the product parameter. The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained by using sodium caseinate (43.22 ± 0.9 %) with the ratio of encapsulating agent-oil was 3:2. The second stage of candlenut oil encapsulation was carried out to improve the efficiency of microcapsule, and the result showed that the efficiency of encapsulated oil with sodium caseinate as encapsulating agent was increased to 64.86%.

Candlenut oil obtained by cold press extraction method was encapsulated in order to preserve the unsaturated fatty acids content from thermal oxidation. The encapsulation of candlenut oil was performed using hydroxypropil mrthylcellulose (HPMC) and maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent due to their filming ability. The solution of wall materials was added with the candlenut oil and emulsified, followed by spray drying process. Three different ratios of oil to wall materials (2:3, 1:1, and 3:2) were evaluated. Based on the peroxide values, encapsulation efficiency, wettability, and moisture content of the microcapsules, the sample with a ratio of 1:1 had better preservation ability towards candlenut oil and therefore used as the main ingredient for body lotion development. Three different concentrations of encapsulated candlenut oil (10%, 6%, and 2%) within the lotion base were observed and analyzed in terms of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay, and overall physical likeness. The result suggested that the wall materials might hinder the reaction between candlenut oil and DPPH radical compounds. The body lotion sample with the lowest content of encapsulated candlenut oil showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 52.31 ppm). Furthermore, according to the ANOVA test result, there was no significant difference in overall physical likeness between the three samples (p-value ≥ 0.05).

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