The study aimed to determine the best of nitrogen fertilizer level based on growth and biomass production of brown midrib sorghum mutant line Patir 3.7. This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory in the Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized block design with 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer application and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of N0= 0 kg N ha-1 as a control; N1= 50 kg N ha-1 ; N2= 100 kg N ha-1 ; and N3= 150 kg N ha-1. Agronomic and production variables measured were plant height, stem diameter, leaf width length, leaf stem panicle ratio, stem Brix sugar content, as well as fresh biomass and nutrient production. Analysis of variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was conducted. The results showed that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer produced the highest stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf ratio, and stem ratio (p<0.05). However, the panicle ratio and stem Brix sugar contents were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the level of nitrogen fertilizer. The fresh biomass, dry matter, crude protein, ash, NFE, and TDN production increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer. Based on those findings, it can be concluded that nitrogen fertilizer application at the level of 50 kg N ha-1 produces better growth, fresh biomass, dry matter, and nutrients production.

Abstract. Arief, Rudimansyah, Sowmen S, Rizqan RP. 2020. Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake. Biodiversitas 21: 4004-4009. The research aims to evaluate the production and quality of goat milk of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat (ECDG) which is fed by Tithonia diversifolia (T), corn waste (CW), and concentrate-based palm kernel cake (CBP),. The experimental design used in this study was a completely random design (CRD) with four times treatment rations and five times replications. There are five treatments used in this research which are; treatment A used 60 % T + 40 % tofu-dregs; B used 60 % T + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; C used 45 % T + 15% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; D used 30 % T + 30% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further tests. The parameters measured were milk production and milk quality, which covers dry matter, water content, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The result showed that the treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) of milk production, dry matter, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The study concluded that the use of T. diversifolia, corn-waste, and CBP could maintain milk production quality.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal inoculation on physiological adaptation and biomass production of Macroptilium bracteatum. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with four treatments: M0 (no AM + watered), M1 (AM + watered), M2 (no AM + drought), and M3 (AM + drought) with three replicates. The observed variables were soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf relative water content, leaf proline, leaf water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), root and shoot dry weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and differences between treatments were tested by DMRT. Drought treatments (M2 and M3) significantly (P<0.05) decrease soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf relative water content and increased the leaf proline content. The result in root and shoot dry weight appear that M1 treatment was significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment M0, M2, and M3. For leaf WSC, M0 and M2 treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment M1 and M3. It is concluded that mycorrhiza inoculation was more effective on M. bracteatum, in drought stress. One mechanism of drought resistance of M. bracteatum is the accumulation of osmotic compounds proline. Therefore, proline can be used as an indicator of drought resistance in leguminous plants.

This study aims to evaluate milk production, consumption and digestibility of rations in Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats (ECDG) fed with concentrate of palm kernel cake (CPKC), tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and corn waste. The design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatment rations and 5 replications. Treatment A = 7.5 kg titonia + 4 kg tofu waste, B = 7.5 kg tithonia + 2 kg tofu waste + 1.2 kg CPKC, C = 2 kg corn waste + 5.5 kg tithonia + 2 kg tofu waste + 1.2 kg of CPKC, D = 4 kg of corn waste + 3.5 kg of tithonia + 2 kg of tofu waste + 1.2 kg of CPKC. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT as further tests. The parameters measured were milk production, consumption and digestibility of the ration. The results showed that the treatment had an insignificant different effect (P> 0.05) on milk production, ration consumption and digestibility. The conclusion of this study is the use of CPKC, tithonia and corn waste able to maintain milk production, consumption and digestibility ration.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan produksi biomasa beberapa galur sorgum mutan BMR fase pertumbuhan berbeda sebagai pakan hijauan di tanah ultisol pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial (6 x 3) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah galur sorgum mutan BMR : galur Patir 3.1 (non BMR/kontrol), Patir 3.2, Patir 3.3, Patir 3.5, Patir 3.6 dan Patir 3.7, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah waktu panen : fase berbunga, fase soft dough dan fase hard dough. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar dan panjang daun, rasio daun, batang dan malai, produksi boimasa segar, produksi bahan kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan galur sorgum mutan BMR secara umum  hampir sama dengan galur sorgum mutan non BMR pada musim kemarau, terlihat pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar daun, proporsi daun  batang malai, kandungan gula batang, produksi segar dan produksi bahan kering yang memberikan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata. Waktu panen hard dough menghasilkan pertumbuhan tertinggi pada parameter tinggi tanaman, proporsi malai dan produksi BK. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman galur sorgum mutan BMR pada musim kemarau.