in London. His research interests lie in consumer behaviour and marketing communications. In particular, Dr. Manyiwa focuses on issues to do with the interaction between advertising and consumer behaviour in the context of important social issues such as public health and consumer debt. Simon's work has been presented in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour Ross Brennan is a Reader in Marketing at Middlesex University. His research interests lie in social marketing, business to business marketing, and marketing education. Ross's work has been published in journals such as the

Influence of perceived city brand image on emotional attachment to the city AbstractPurpose-This study examines the influence of perceived city brand image on emotional attachment to the city. The study also compares the effects of perceived brand image of the city on the emotional attachment to the city across two groups: residents and visitors.Design/methodology-A total of 207 usable questionnaires were collected from 107 residents of the city of Bratislava, Slovakia, and 100 visitors to the city. Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method was used for data analysis.Findings-This study establishes that perceived city brand image significantly influences emotional attachment to the city. The study concludes that affective city image has a greater impact on emotional attachment to the city among residents, and less impact for visitors. In contrast, the influence of cognitive city image on emotional attachment to the city does not vary across the two categories of residents and visitors to the city.Practical implications-City tourism marketers should focus on improving city brand images to enhance tourists' emotional attachment to the city to promote repeat visits among visitors.Originality/value-This study contributes to improving understanding of the impact of perceived city brand image on emotional attachment to the city across the two groups, residents and visitors, using social exchange theory. Furthermore, the findings come from a relatively underresearched Central and Eastern European (CEE) region. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 r n a l o f P l a c e M a n a g e m e n t a n d D e v e l o p m e n 2 IntroductionResearch interest in the marketing of cities as tourist destinations has gained momentum in the past decade, as cities increasingly compete for tourists (e.g., Braun et al., 2013; Gu and Ryan, 2008; Hankinson, 2004; Phillips and Jang, 2010;Tsai, 2012;Vanolo, 2008;Zenker and Beckmann, 2013). Furthermore, in recent years, city branding has become an emerging academic theme and an important practice by local authorities and governments (Sahin and Baloglu, 2014; Kavaratzis and Hatch, 2013; Kavaratzis and Ashworth, 2006; Lucarelli and Olof-Berg, 2011).Additionally, empirical studies in the field of marketing (e.g., Grisaffe and Nguyen, 2011; Park et al., 2010) show that emotional attachment leads to improved customer loyalty, positive wordof-mouth publicity and other desirable post-purchase behaviors. Thus, it has become essential for marketers of cities as tourist destinations to understand the various antecedents of emotional attachment to cities. The present study investigates the influence of perceived city brand image on emotional attachment to the city and compares these effects across two groups: city residents and visitors. Previous studies have concluded that favorable ...

This paper presents a conceptual model of means-end theory. The proposed model, built on Gutman's (1982) contributions to means-end theory, consists of four conceptual categories that are linked together. The conceptual categories are context-nested consumer choices, attributes of the consumer choices, consequences and values. The discussion uses results of four cases to illustrate the conceptual categories of the proposed explanatory means-end model.

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His research interests lie in consumer behaviour and marketing communications. In particular, Dr Manyiwa focuses on issues to do with the interaction between advertising and consumer behaviour in the context of important social issues such as ethical concerns for business practices. Simon's work has been published in several journals and conference proceedings, including the Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Journal of Marketing Management.