Kitosan merupakan biopolimer poli [-(1-4)- 2-amino-2-deoksi-D-glukopiranosa], bersifat kationik dan dapat terurai dengan baik di lingkungan. Kitosan memiliki gugus amina (NH2)yang bersifat nukleofil kuat yang menyebabkan kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai polielektrolit yang bersifat multifungsi dan berperan pada pembentukan flok.Penelitian, pembuatan dan karakterisasi kitosan dari cangkang kerang hijau (Mytulus virdis linneaus) bertujuan untuk mengatasi limbah cangkang kerang hijau dan dijadikan sebagai material dasar untuk membuat kitosan dan kemungkinan aplikasi kitosan sebagai koagulan penjernih air untuk menghilangkan kekeruhan dan material organik pada pengolahan air.Pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang kerang hijau menggunakan Metode No dan Meyers melalui 3 tahap yaitu deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Karakterisasi kitosan yang meliputi kadar air dengan Metode Gravimetrik, dan penentuan derajat deasetilasi dilakukan berdasarkan spectrum IR dengan Metode Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cangkang kerang hijau sebanyak 100gr dihasilkan kitosan sebanyak 28gr. Kitosan yang dihasilkan berupa serbuk berwarna putih dan tidak berbau, Kadar air kitosan sebesar 0,4 % dan derajat deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 38,91% dan memiliki gugus fungsi terdiri dari amina, hidroksil, alkana, alkena, dan asam karboksilat. Aplikasi kitosan sebagai koagulan optimum pada pH 9 dengan dosis kitosan sebanyak 250 mg/L dengan penyisihan sebesar 92,6%.

Chitosan is a natural product derived from biopolymers such as chitin and cellulose and is found in the exoskeleton of marine sources. Chitosan was produced through 3 subsequent processes i.e. deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation.The aim of this study is to determine degree of deacetylation chitosan. The degree of deacetylation was calculated from IR spectrum using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan from Penaeusmonodon, Scylla sp, and Mytilus virdis linneausshells, were 89.05%, 87.64%, and 77.80%. Marine shells used as raw material of chitosan and enhancement degree of deacetylation potential to be used as natural coagulant.

Chitosan is a poly N-acetyl-glucosamine biopolymer, natural cationic polyelectrolyte, and biodegradable. Chitosan is obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is extracted from green mussels shell (Mytilus virdis linneaus) and is expected to be an environmental friendly solution for abundant green shells waste.The aim of this study is to determine chemical characteristic of chitosan about degree of deacetylation. The degree of deacetylation was calculated from IR spectrum using the Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan are used to study coagulation/flocculation mechanism. The results of the study indicated that green mussels shell was a rich source of chitosan. Chitosan was produced from No and Meyers methods through 3 subsequent processes i.e. deproteinasi, demineralization and deacetylation.The degree of deacetylation was 38.91%. The Test was carried out at laboratory scale and chitosan was applied as a natural coagulant in a jar test by using synthetic water where kaolin was added to act as a suspended solid and humic acid as an organic matter in the beaker experiment. Application of chitosan as a natural coagulant was optimum at pH 9, chitosan dose 250mg/L and turbidity removal efficiency 92.6%.

Green mussel (Mytilus viridis Linnaeus) is one of the shells from marine source that can be used as chitosan. On the other side of drinking water treatment using synthetic coagulant such us aluminum sulphate (Al2 (SO4)3) concerns about the residual aluminum in the water that contains inorganic compounds are carcinogenic so it is necessary to do research about potential use of chitosan as a coagulant. This study conducted on laboratory-scale use of chitosan from green mussel shells as a coagulant in coagulation-flocculation process using turbid water from Tirtawening in Bandung City, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of coagulation-flocculation process based on the characteristics of chitosan. Preparation of chitosan with deproteination process done using a solution of NaOH 3.5% 10: 1 (v: w), stirring 2 hours 65oC. Demineralization process using a solution of HCl 1 N 15: 1 (v: w), stirring 30 minutes 50 °C. Deacetylation process using a solution NaOH 60% 20:1 (v: w) stirred 60 minutes 120oC produce chitosan with degree of deacetylation about 77.8% and molecular mass about 4,26x104 g / mol. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan effect ability formation of flock and the molecules of mass of chitosan effect in binding colloids in turbid water into one and form a flock large. The results concluded that chitosan from green mussel shells can be used as a coagulant for turbidity removal in water treatment and use it safe for the environment and health because from natural compounds and biodegradable.

Green mussels (Mytilus virdis linnaeus) shell is one of the marine resources that can be used as raw material chitosan. Coagulant can remove turbidity through coagulation and flocculation process using coagulant. Biopolymers from natural coagulant safer and environmentally friendly so can subtitute synthetic coagulant. The use of chitosan as a coagulant in this study used synthetic turbid water using distilled water, suspended solids representing kaolin and humic acids which represents organic matter. Chitosan was used with variations in pH and coagulant dosage. Chitosan remove turbidity optimum at pH 7 at a dose of 300 mg/L of 95.15%.