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ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the magnitude and contributing factors of medication administration errors among nurses in federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Data on medication administration and associated factors were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with medication administration errors on the basis of adjusted OR with 95% CI and a p value less than 0.05.SettingThis study was conducted in federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsFour hundred and twenty-three randomly selected nurses participated.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome variable is medication administration error, which was ascertained using the following errors: wrong medication, wrong dose, wrong time, wrong route, wrong patient, wrong drug preparation, wrong advice, wrong assessment and wrong documentations.ResultsA total of 59.9% (95% CI: 55.0% to 64.8%) of the nurses in the federal hospitals in Addis Ababa committed one or more medication administration errors in the last 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported medication errors were wrong time (56.8%), wrong documentation (33.3%), wrong advice (27.8%) and wrong dose (20.1%). Medication administration errors among nurses were significantly associated with short work experience (adjusted OR (AOR): 6.48, 95% CI: 1.32 to 31.78), night shift work (AOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.82 to 13.78), absence of on-the-job training (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.67 to 6.00), unavailability of medication administration guidelines in wards (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.06) and interruptions during medication administration (AOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.30 to 4.49).ConclusionIt was found that a high proportion of nurses in federal hospitals committed medication administration errors. Short work experience, night shift work, absence of on-the-job training, unavailability of medication administration guidelines and interruptions during medication administration explained the high magnitude of medication administration errors.

Background Childhood infectious illness mainly diarrheal diseases, febrile illnesses, and acute respiratory tract infection remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children below five years. Delay and inappropriate healthcare-seeking behavior of caregivers’ were the major reason for under-five child death in developing countries including Ethiopia. According to WHO, a timely healthcare-seeking practice can effectively save the lives of children by 20%, particularly from ARIs, and significantly minimize morbidities. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of common childhood illness, healthcare-seeking behavior, and associated factors in Efratana Gidim District, East Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A community based crossectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 15, 2020, among urban and rural respondents. Multistage sampling technique was employed with a total of 661 respondents by using semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interviews. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the association between healthcare-seeking behavior and predictor variables. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of associations and statistical significance was considered at p-value < 0.05. Results the overall two weeks prevalence of childhood illness was 24.1%, (95% CI: 21.1%-27.3%) and 59.1%, (95% CI: 51.1%-66.8%) of caregivers sought treatment at health facility. Moreover, fever, cough, and diarrhea accounted for 16.9%, 16.8%, and 11% respectively. Caregivers’ level of education (AOR = 2.56:95%CI: 1.09, 5.99) and residence (0.26: 95%CI: 0.09, 0.73) were significant factors for childhood illness and experience of child death (AOR = 3.766; 95%CI: 1.726, 8.873), diarrheal symptoms (AOR = 3.914; 95%CI: 2.043, 10.828) and access to transportation (AOR = 3.352; 95%CI: 1.049, 10.710) were predictors of healthcare seeking behavior of caregivers. Conclusion the prevalence of common childhood illness was high however; treatment-seeking behavior of caregivers for common childhood illness was low. Caregivers’ experience of child death before, symptoms of diarrhea, and access to transportation were predictors of Healthcare-seeking behavior. Therefore repeated health education on basic prevention measures of common childhood illnesses and health promotion strategies to enhance caregivers’ Healthcare-seeking behavior are critically important. .

Background: Post-operative pain management is one of the key responsibilities of health professionals. Failure to manage post-operative pain effectively will lead to increase morbidity and mortality, long hospital stay, increase health care costs, and patient dissatisfaction. Despite improved understanding of pain mechanisms, advances in pain management approach, and other focused initiatives large proportion of post-operative patient’s reports pain after surgery. Therefore the major aim of this study was to assess pain severity and associated factors among post-operative adult patients in public hospitals of Addis Ababa.Methods and materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 414 study participants were involved. Simple random sampling was used to select study participants. The data was collected by the standard questioner and checklist. The collected data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS version 24.0 statistical software. Bi-variable analysis was employed to select independent predictors of pain severity and multivariable regression used to measure the association between independent and dependent variables. On bi-variable analysis, those variables with a value less than 0.20 were entered on multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as independent predictors of the outcome variables.Results: A total of 406 study participants have responded to the interview giving a response rate of 98%. The overall incidence of moderate to severe pain was 85.5%. Preoperative analgesia adjusted odds ratio (confidence interval), 0.236(0.065-0.863), preoperative anxiety, 5.468(1.341-22.303), general surgery 7.627(1.901-30.602), orthopedics surgery, 7.195(1.055-49.094), size of the incision, 5.086(1.352-19.135), and postoperative analgesia; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 5.611(2.000-15.737), and tramadol, 4.714(1.506-14.753) was independent predictors of postoperative moderate to severe pain.Conclusion: The study revealed that the overall incidence of postoperative pain was high in the study area. This reflects attention given to postoperative pain management is low. Preoperative analgesia, preoperative anxiety surgery type, incision length, and postoperative analgesia were independent predictors of postoperative pain.

Background: Congenital heart disease is a heart abnormality that presents at birth and fatal in the majority of the case. Congenital heart disease affecting up to 8-10 in every 1,000 newborn. Methods: This study was a descriptive research about the characteristics and distribution of congenital heart disease at ward and clinic of a government hospital in East Java for a year, by investigating medical record from 1 January 2015 -31 December 2015. We classified and analyzed the patients based on the different groups of age, gender, type of congenital heart disease, the age of first diagnosed, nutritional status, co-morbidities of the disease, medical intervention, and the funding. Result: Total sample from this research was 49 subjects, consist of 53% male and 46% female. CHD was mostly diagnosed in the first year of life (75%), with acyanotic CHD as the most common type. Malnutrition was found in 51% of the subjects. Nonsurgical medical intervention was the most common management performed to treat the condition (97%). The funding with National Health Insurance (PBI or non-PBI) was used in more than half of the subjects (51%). Conclusion: As the conclusion, CHD was commonly found in the first year of life with noncyanotic type dominated the CHD patients. As the highly cost of this disease, it was surprising that only half of the subjects were covered by National Health Insurance. A good funding resource was really needed to make sure the treatment plan of the diseases was well executed.