Innovation in teaching and learning (TL) aims to improve the effectiveness of the delivery of knowledge. The impact of effective innovation is a teaching method that looks more interesting with higher acceptance among students. Infiniti Cergas Sihat (InCeS) is a teaching aid that contributes to the development of current TL innovation. Attractive color design and interactive method of playing make this innovation easy for students to accept. This study aims to see the effectiveness of InCeS on TL for students and the focus of this study is on special needs students. A total of 40 special needs students from a school in Pulau Pinang have participated in the program involving the InCeS application in TL. Results from the questionnaire given to the teachers involved during the activities show that the students showed interest in the activities that used InCeS. The teacher's participation in the activity also contributes to the interaction in learning for the special needs students.

Senaman merupakan satu aktiviti yang memberi manfaat bukan sahaja kepada kesihatan fizikal, malah kesihatan mental juga. Berlari, berjalan, mendaki gunung, berbasikal, aerobik dan berenang adalah antara senaman yang boleh diamalkan dalam kehidupan seharian untuk terus kekal aktif dan cergas. Namun kini, kita tidak lagi bebas untuk melakukan kebanyakan aktiviti luar rumah disebabkan ancaman wabak coronavirus (COVID-19) yang menyebabkan perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) dikenakan. Keadaan sebegini boleh menjejaskan kualiti kesihatan diri kita. Infiniti Cergas Sihat (InCeS) merupakan satu inovasi permainan iaitu aktiviti senaman ringan digabungkan dan disusun seperti permainan berpapan yang menarik. InCeS direka sebagai permainan unik yang melibatkan aktiviti gerakan senaman ringan dalam suasana yang menarik dan menyeronokkan untuk dimain dalam kumpulan kecil mahupun besar. InCeS boleh dimain di dalam rumah ataupun di luar rumah. Permainan InCeS ini bukan sahaja melibatkan pergerakan fizikal, malah permainan ini turut menerapkan kemahiran intelektual seperti aktiviti jual beli, sewa, gadaian petak dan penentuan keputusan. Permainan InCeS ini juga direka untuk semua peringkat umur, termasuklah dewasa mahupun kanak-kanak. Memandangkan InCeS merupakan satu permainan inovasi, maka ianya boleh diaplikasikan atau diguna pakai sebagai permainan berpapan semasa sesi pembelajaran, dari peringkat pendidikan awal seperti taska hinggalah pusat pengajian tinggi. InCeS juga boleh digunakan sebagai aktiviti dalam rumah bersama ahli keluarga terutama ketika PKP. Satu soal selidik mengenai InCeS telah dijalankan dikalangan pelajar pendidikan khas. Keputusannya, mendapati InCeS dapat membantu para pelajar untuk lebih berminat belajar sambil bermain dengan cara yang lebih menarik.

This study evaluates the utility and suitability of a simple discrete multiplicative random cascade model for temporal rainfall disaggregation. Two of a simple random cascade model, namely log-Poisson and log-Normal  models are applied to simulate hourly rainfall from daily rainfall at seven rain gauge stations in Peninsular Malaysia. The cascade models are evaluated based on the capability to simulate data that preserve three important properties of observed rainfall: rainfall variability, intermittency and extreme events. The results show that both cascade models are able to simulate reasonably well the commonly used statistical measures for rainfall variability (e.g. mean and standard deviation) of hourly rainfall. With respect to rainfall intermittency, even though both models are underestimated, the observed dry proportion, log-Normal  model is likely to simulate number of dry spells better than log-Poisson model. In terms of rainfall extremes, it is demonstrated that log-Poisson and log-Normal  models gave a satisfactory performance for most of the studied stations herein, except for Dungun and Kuala Krai stations, which both located in the east part of Peninsula.

Studies on the investigation of scale-invariance of rainfall are still in the early development stage in the humid tropical regions. In order to further enhance understanding of the rainfall variability across a range of temporal scales in these regions, this study aims to investigate and characterize rainfall in a multifractal framework from areas in Peninsular Malaysia. It is done by studying the scaling of the statistical properties of rainfall. Data set consisting of 15 min rainfall observations from 56 rain gauge stations were adopted and the stations were grouped into four regions to identify the possibility that the multifractal properties of rainfall could depend on the geographical locations and local climatology. The results show that the temporal structure of rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia displays a multifractal behaviour for scales ranging from 15 min to about 3 days. The multifractal parameters that described the scaling properties of rainfall in terms of intermittency and multifractality revealed to be different for each region in the peninsula, particularly between the west and east coasts. The rainfall process for east coast was characterized by less intermittent rain with the rainfall fluctuations displaying a strong degree of multifractality. While for the west coast which consists of northwest, west and southwest regions, they exhibited a similar distribution of rainfall occurrences which is very intermittent and unsmoothed. Rainfall fluctuations, however, were spikier in northwest regions than in the west and southwest regions.

No abstract