Paedophilia issue has become a global issue around the world, including Malaysia. In today's era of globalisation and modernisation, the seriousness of paedophilia issue is undeniable. As the closest persons to children, parents have been recognised as the critical actor that contributes to children's protection and security. However, research related to "parenting practices" and "parenting styles" specifically to address the paedophilia issue remains limited in Malaysian context. Thus, a doctoral research, conducted by one of the authors, aimed to fill the gap. Based on the findings, this paper presents the socio-demographic and sociocultural pattern of Malaysian parents in upholding child protection and privacy to prevent paedophilia issue. A survey involving 900 parents representing the equal number of genders (male and female) and ethnicities (Malays, Chinese and Indian) was undertaken. Based on the statistical analysis, there were two key findings highlighted in this paper, which were: (1) the socio-demographic pattern revealed that female parents have higher interest in upholding the child protection and privacy, as compared to male parents; and (2) the socio-cultural pattern showed that Indian parents have high commitment in upholding the child protection and privacy, followed by Malay and Chinese parents. Although every parent has different approaches in upholding their children's protection and privacy; however, this paper argued that the socio-demographic and socio-cultural aspects are among the main indicators influencing parenting practices and parenting styles in Malaysia.Based on this main gap, one doctoral research is being undertaken entitled: "Do not publicise me; I may be the victim of paedophiles": The parenting practices and parenting styles in upholding the child protection and privacy in Malaysia. Based on the result gathered during the survey of this study, this paper aimed to present a part of the findings which can be divided into three main objectives of: 1) to identify the parents' behaviour in upholding child protection and privacy to prevent paedophilia issue; (2) To examine the socio-demographic patterns (gender and age groups) of parents in upholding child protection and privacy to prevent paedophilia issue; and (3) to examine the socio-cultural pattern (ethnics) of parents in upholding child protection and privacy to prevent paedophilia issue. The detail analysis and discussion is presented in the following sections and sub-sections.

The rapid growth of the fast food industry is associated with an extravagant trend of fast food consumption, especially among the young generation. This study investigates how Generation Z perceives the key factors to determine fast food's product safety, nutrition, and health. The theory of Stakeholder is employed to explain the responsibility of businesses to their stakeholders and four key factors, including economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic are adapted from Carroll's CSR pyramid. 330 respondents responded to the survey. The result reveals that the four key factors elicited a significantly positive response to fast food's product safety, nutrition, and health.   Keywords: Generation Z; Fast food; Nutrition; Health eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3441

Motivation is regarded as one of the significant variables to be examined in the process of learning. Exploring motivation is vital to arouse learners' enthusiasm for learning to ensure learning activities run smoothly. This study is conducted to investigate the motivators and hindrance for learning by embedding motivational factors which consist of affective components, expectancy components and value components. This study utilises quantitative methodology and 148 respondents responded to the survey. The survey utilised 5 Likert scale and it comprises four sections: demographic; value component; expectancy component; and affective component. The major findings postulate that all three components influence the learners' motivation. To summarise, value components which are fuelled by intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, as well as task value beliefs influence the learners' motivation. Next, expectancy components encompasses learners' perception of self-efficacy, and control beliefs for learning also influence learners' motivation. On the other hand, affective component which derives from test anxiety significantly influences the learners' motivation. Meanwhile, there is an association found between affective components and value components and a significant association is demonstrated between expectancy components and value components. Nevertheless, the findings predicate that there is no association between affective components and expectancy components. The findings of this study are imperative to understand underlying factors that influence learner's motivation in learning process as it assists the instructors to choose appropriate approach to be delivered in the class. Considering the limitation of this study, future researchers are proposed to add moderating variable such as gender because the learners' achievement motivation and educational experience could be related to the differences between male and female learners' motivation.

Adolescence is crucial before the transition to adulthood, and developing healthy eating behaviours in early adolescence is vital for long-term health and well-being. The high prevalence of fast food consumption among the young generation leads to excessive weight. Hence, this study investigates how Generation Z perceives the CSR practices performed by fast food restaurants to ensure products' safety, nutrition, and health. The Theory of Stakeholder is employed to explain the responsibility of businesses to their stakeholders. 330 respondents responded to the survey. This study confirms that the four CSR dimensions influence fast food's product safety, nutrition, and health.

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