Brown planthopper is the most important rice pest in Indonesia. Its high adaptability to feed and reproduce on previously introduced resistant varieties to form more virulent population often causes BPH outbreak and hopperburn that lead to total crop yield loss. Rice breeding for resistant to BPH requires information on the current status of BPH virulences in the fields to anticipate the virulence adaptation on new varieties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the degree of virulence of BPH populations and to cluster the BPH virulence to form BPH core collection. Thirteen BPH populations collected from paddy fields in six provinces (Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi) in 2011 and 2013 were tested on 10 differential rice varieties and seven host varieties of BPH populations, using the standard seedbox screening technique. Based on resistance reaction of four differential varieties (TN1, Mudgo, ASD7, and Rathu Heenathi), most BPH populations were identified as more virulent than biotype 4 (T1, Banten, PG, West Java; BY, East Java; B2 and B3, South Kalimantan; X1 and X3, South Sulawesi), four populations were biotype 4 (JWDL, Central Java; SD, East Java; X2 and X4, South Sulawesi), and one population each was biotype 3 (T2, Banten) and biotype 2 (S1, West Java). Populations X1 and B3 showed broad virulences to all varieties, whereas T2 was the least virulent. BPH field’s population had evolved into more virulence than biotype 4. Genotype resistance screening should use the BPH of this virulence population. Five BPH clusters which were further divided into 10 subclusters representing differential virulence toward 10 differential varieties were present in the tested BPH. Each virulence cluster was characterized by its ability to overcome four to eight single or double resistant genes. This BPH virulence core collection can be used in the characterization studies of candidate for resistant varieties or to form near-isogenic lines, or to study the insect and rice plant interaction.

Resistance Test of Promising Rice Lines Against BacterialLeaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Race III, IV, and VIII. Siti Yuriyah, Dwinita W. Utami, and Ida Hanarida. Development of new superior rice varieties resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) has been conducted through utilizing of a wide rice germplasm, from crossing between IR64 and Oryza rufipogon. The aim of this study is to get promising rice lines that resistant to BLB race III, IV, and VIII. The experiments were conducted at greenhouse and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, ICABIOGRAD Bogor, using of 13 promising rice lines that have different levels of resistance to inoculum from pure cultures of BLB race III, IV and VIII. Of these 13 rice lines, six lines showed resistance to race III (Bio5-AC-Blas/BLB-03, Bio62-AC-Blas/BLB-03, Bio111-BC-PIR7, Bio129-BC-WBC, Bio148-Mamol, and Bio154-Mamol-Dro), one line showed resistance to race IV (Bio154-Mamol-Dro), and one line showed resistance to race VIII (Bio5-AC-Blas/BLB-03), with severity rate 1.8 to 8.1%. Of these improve lines Bio5-AC-Blas/BLB-3 and Bio 111-BCPir-7, were released as new rice varieties, namely Inpari HDB and Inpari Blas, respectively.

ABSTRAK Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting selain padi dan jagung. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas unggul berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produksi. Salah satu sumber daya genetik kedelai yang dapat digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul adalah varietas introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi yang berasal dari berbagai negara menggunakan 15 marka mikrosatelit. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB Biogen, Januari-Maret 2016. Hasil analisis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diberi skor data biner dan dianalisis menggunakan NTSYS dan power marker. Karakter morfologi spesifik setiap kultivar menetukan keragaman genetik. Korelasi positif signifikan diidentifikasi pada beberapa karakter morfologi yang bermanfaat dalam program pemuliaan dengan kombinasi karakter target. Sebanyak 189 alel berhasil dideteksi dengan kisaran 6-23 alel/lokus, rata-rata 12,6 alel/marka. Nilai PIC menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme berkisar antara 0,76 (GmES1424) hingga 0,95 (Satt100) dengan rata-rata 0,86. Sebanyak 12 marka yang memiliki nilai PIC >0,80 menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mendiskriminasi kultivar kedelai. Frekuensi alel utama rata-rata 21% dengan nilai tertinggi 39% (Satt125) dan terendah 8% (Satt100). Lima marka SSR mampu mendiskriminasi genotipe heterozigot dengan nilai heterozigositas antara 0,41 (SoyF3H) hingga 0,82 (Satt333). Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi memisah menjadi dua klaster utama, masing-masing 13 dan 22 kultivar pada koefisien 0,82 berdasarkan latar belakang genetik. Marka mikrosatelit dan informasi keragaman genetik pada penelitian ini bermanfaat mengarahkan persilangan kedelai dengan memanfaatkan material genetik introduksi. ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Meriil) is an important crop next to rice and corn. The development of improved variety are important to increase national soybean production. The introduced soybean varieties is one of genetic resources that can be used to create improved soybean varieties. The aim of this study was to analyze 35 introduced soybean cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers. The research was conducted in ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, in January-March 2016. PCR analysis was scored as binary data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. Specific morphological characters from each soybean cultivar determine the genetic diversity. Significant positive correlations were identified among morphological characters which would be helpful to improve the desired character. The result showed that 189 alleles were detected with average of 12.6 alleles per marker. The polymorphism level (PIC) was 0.86 (0.76-0.95). There were 12 of total markers having PIC>0.80 indicating their robustness to discriminating soybean cultivars. The average major allele frequency was 21% and ranges from 8% (Satt100) to 39% (Satt125). Five SSRs were able to distinguish heterozygosity which varied from 0.41 (SoyF3H) to 0.82 (Satt333). The ...

Abstract. Windarsih G, Utami DW, Yuriyah S. 2021. Morphological characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5507-5529. Zingiberaceae, known as ginger family, is a family of monocotyledon belonging to the Zingiberales order. This family is widely used its rhizome for various purposes, especially as medicinal plant. The morphological characters can be used to help the identification of species in the field of plant taxonomy. The aim of study was to characterize the morphological traits, both vegetative and generative organs, of Zingiberaceae from Serang District, Banten. Plant specimens were collected from Serang District, Banten, including in Pabuaran, Gunungsari, and Ciomas sub-district using purposive sampling. The examination of morphological characters data was conducted through observation and documentation. There were 13 species/varieties of Zingiberaceae collected from the studied area, i.e. Amomum compactum, Alpinia purpurata, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, C. longa, C. heyneana, C. mangga, C. aeruginosa, Kaempferia rotunda, Etlingera elatior, Zingiber zerumbet, Z. officinale, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum, and Z. cassumunar, in which the generative organs were found only in eight species/cultivars of them. Based on the morphological characters of vegetative organs, thirteen species/cultivars had a similarity distance coefficient from 37% to 94%; while based on the morphological characters of both vegetative and generative organs, the eight species/cultivars had a similarity distance coefficient from 31% to 94%. The results showed that using the characters of vegetative organs data were still able to provide consistent grouping results with the generative organs.

Abstract. Windarsih G, Utami DW, Yuriyah S. 2019. Genetic diversity and productivity of Gracilaria coronopifolia as alternative for food resource based on RAPD marker. Biodiversitas 20: 3758-3765. Gracilaria coronopifolia is one of potential seaweed as an alternative for food resources, especially for agar source. The information about the genetic profile of G. coronopifolia will be useful for assisting in conservation and breeding efforts. RAPD marker is expected to be utilized for characterization of the species with high productivity based on genetic profile. This research aims to determine the genetic diversity and productivity of G. coronopifolia based on RAPD marker. The samples were collected from Anyer Beach, Banten, Indonesia i.e. Tanjung Tum Beach, Mambruk Hotel Beach, and Patra Comfort Anyer Beach, as well as the cultivation ponds of seaweed in Lontar Village, Banten, Indonesia. Five RAPD primers (OPA-01, OPA-16, OPT-05, OPR-02, and UBC-594) were screened to characterize the genetic profile of samples. The results showed that all primers produced polymorphic bands. Based on the genetic profile, the samples of G. coronopifolia were separated into two main clusters, consisted of group A (Tanjung Tum Beach, Patra Beach, and Mambruk Beach) with a coefficient of similarity of 0.44 and group B (Lontar Village) with a similarity coefficient of 0.43. The sample from Lontar Village was separated outside from the other three samples at the waters of Anyer Beach. The sample from Lontar Village had the highest talus height (18.0 cm) and dry weight (1.250 g/clump). The UBC-594 primer was the most associated with the talus height and dry weight on the band size of 50 bp, thus this primer was assumed can be used as a selection marker for the talus height and dry weight of G. coronopifolia.