Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of rice polishing and a rich source of bioactive compounds. Here, we investigated the anti-colitis effect of diet supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. FRB was prepared by dual fermentation of RB using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. Colitis was induced in C57Bl/6N male mice (n = 8/group) by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Body weight change, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology score, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine transcript levels, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin in the colonic tissue were monitored. Based on histopathology scores, DSS induced severe mucosal inflammation, with an increased loss of crypts, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the control and RB groups, but not in the FRB group. MPO activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-17) levels were significantly higher in the control and RB groups than in the FRB group. Thus, dietary FRB attenuated intestinal inflammation owing to elevated SCFAs and tryptamine production, which might regulate tight junction barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. These results suggest that FRB could comprise an effective potential preventive agent for ulcerative colitis.

BackgroundPrevious study shown that enzyme treated-rice bran effectively improved hypertension and glucose intolerance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). However, dual fermentation of rice bran’s efficacy against metabolic syndrome in SHRSP is still unknown.MethodsFermented rice bran (FRB) was prepared by dual fermentation of rice bran using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. The effect of FRB on metabolic syndrome in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was investigated by single and chronic supplementation.ResultsDual fermentation of rice bran enriches the functional value of rice bran. Single-dose oral administration of FRB (2 g/kg body weight) reduced systolic blood pressure; however, chronic supplementation with 5 % FRB (4 weeks) significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. FRB supplementation improved leptin impairment and increased serum adiponectin levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, FRB supplementation improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as serum insulin levels. Lipid profiles were also improved by the regulation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. Moreover, supplementation with FRB reduced the expressions of hepatic transcription factors such as liver X receptor alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein alpha, as well as their target genes. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FRB may lower hypertension and alleviate metabolic syndrome.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome was better alleviated with FRB supplementation. We therefore suggest FRB as an alternative medicine to reduce the risks of lifestyle-related diseases.

White corn can be utilized as a source of non-rice carbohydrate in the manufacture of rice analogues. The rice analogues with rice-like characteristics were produced by an extrusion technique. The aim of this research was to develop rice analogues from white corn and to evaluate their physicochemical and sensory properties. The study was conducted in several stages, i.e. preparation, formulation, and physicochemical and sensory properties evaluation. The physicochemical properties of rice analogues evaluated included proximate nutritional composition, dietary fiber concentration, cooking time, water loss rate, color, and whiteness percentage, while their sensory preferences were evaluated using hedonic scale test. The rice analogues made of Pulut Harapan and Lokal Purbalingga corns (4.34:65.66%) added with 30% sago starch, was found to be the most preferred.

Within this study, phytochemical, fatty acid and proximal composition of six Indonesian brown rice cultivars (Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Situ Bagendit, IPB3 S, Inpari 17, and Inpara 3) were reported. The range of moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, and total carbohydrates content of six varieties of brown rice were 11-12%, 1.3-1.4%, 2-3%, 7-11%, and 84-89%, respectively. Fatty acid composition of brown rices was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids. The phenolic contents and IC 50 of all cultivars varied from 47 to 70 mg GAE/100 g and 28-47 mg/mL, respectively. Inpari 17 had the highest phenolic content as well as antioxidant activity, whereas IPB 3 S variety exhibited the lowest in both γ-oryzanol content of brown rices ranged from 37 to 55 mg/100 g. The highest content of γoryzanol was observed in Inpara 3. In conclusion, six varieties of Indonesian brow rice might be considered as the potent sources of bioactive compounds and antioxidant, especially in Inpari 17 variety.Composición fitoquímica, de ácidos grasos y proximal de seis variedades seleccionadas de arroz integral indonesio RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso informar sobre la composición fitoquímica, de ácidos grasos y proximal de seis cultivares de arroz integral indonesio (Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Situ Bagendit, IPB3S, Inpari 17 e Inpara 3). Se constató que el grado de contenido de humedad, cenizas, grasa bruta, proteína bruta y total de carbohidratos de seis variedades de arroz integral fue de 11-12%, 1.3-1.4%, 2-3%, 7-11% y 84-89%, respectivamente. En la composición de ácidos grasos de los arroces integrales predominan los ácidos grasos insaturados. El contenido fenólico y el IC 50 de todos los cultivares variaron entre 47-70 mg GAE/100g y 28-47 mg/mL, respectivamente. El Inpari 17 presentó el mayor contenido fenólico y la mayor actividad antioxidante, mientras que la variedad IPB 3S exhibió el contenido más bajo de ambos factores. El contenido de γ-orizanol de los arroces integrales varió entre 37-55 mg/100g. El mayor contenido de γ-orizanol se observó en el Inpara 3. Tales resultados permiten concluir que estas seis variedades de arroz integral indonesio podrían considerarse fuentes potentes de compuestos bioactivos y antioxidantes, destacándose en este sentido la variedad Inpari 17.

SummaryThe effects of papain-hydrolyzed pork meat on plasma and liver cholesterol levels were studied in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. In rats fed the low-molecular-weight fraction of papain-hydrolyzed pork meat, the plasma cholesterol concentration, more particularly the VLDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations, were significantly lower (p<0.01) than in the rats fed untreated pork meat or soybean protein. Feeding with this fraction rather than with untreated pork meat also led to a signifi cantly lower liver cholesterol concentration (p<0.01) and increased fecal excretion of neutral and acidic steroids. The low-molecular-weight frac tion contained peptides with molecular weights of 3,000 or less and had an amino acid composition similar to that of pork meat itself. This study suggests that peptides produced by papain-hydrolysis of pork meat have a hypocholesterolemic activity through their interference with the steroid absorption process.