Šumarstvo je jedna od gospodarskih grana gdje je stopa ozljeda na radu među najvećima. Uprkos tomu što se poslovi u šumarstvu uglavnom karakteriziraju sezonalnošću, a ne stalnom zaposlenošću radnika, šumsko gospodarstvo „Sremska Mitrovica“ gdje su provedena istraživanja ima drukčiju praksu. Cjelokupna sječa i izrada na području ovoga gospodarstva obavlјa se ulaganjem vlastitih sredstava i vlastite radne snage. Ovo gospodarstvo karakterizira ravničarski teren s prosječnim nadmorskim visinama ispod 100 m, gdje glavne vrste drveća čine euroamerička topola, lužnjak i jasen. Godišnji etat šumskog gospodarstva iznosi oko 200000.00 m³. U ovome radu prikazani su rezultati istraživanja broja i uzroka ozljeda na radu, za razdoblje od 5 godina (2008-2012. godine). Analizirane su samo ozljede proizvodnih šumskih radnika (sjekači, radnici koji rade na ručnom utovaru, vozači i radnici koji rade na poslovima uzgajanja šuma). Svaka ozljeda na radu evidentirana je odmah nakon što se dogodila. Klasifikacija ozljeda obavljena je na temelju Međunarodne klasifikacije bolesti (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), a korišten je šifrarnik bolesti iz odjeljka „vanjski uzroci obolijevanja i umiranja (V01-Y98)“ (external causes of morbidity and mortality) (V01-Y98)). Nakon svake evidentirane ozljede na radu, medicina rada je slala Izveštaj o liječničkom pregledu ozlijeđenog radnika Republičkoj inspekciji rada, Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova i ­referentu zaštite na radu u radnoj jedinici gdje je radnik bio zaposlen. Iz Izveštaja o liječničkom pregledu ­zaposlenog podaci su unošeni u posebnu evidenciju. Ocjenu težine ozljede davao je liječnik koji je prvi ­pregledao zaposlenog. Radnicima koji su radili kao sjekači, šumsko gospodarstvo osiguralo je tečaj koji je trajao mjesec dana (teorijska nastava) i dva mjeseca praktične obuke, gdje su sjekači obavili sječu i obaranje uz pomoć iskusnijeg kolege (mentora). Ukupan broj radnika koji je na godišnjoj razini bio zaposlen na poslovima korištenja šuma kretao se od 302 (2010. godine) do 323 (2008. godine) (Tablica 1). Najveći broj radnika bio je zaposlen na poslovima uzgajanja šuma. Na temelju analize broja ozljeda na radu u razdoblju od 2000-2012. godine utvrđeno je da je najveći broj ozljeda na radu zabilježen kod radnika koji su radili kao sjekači (Slika 2). Ukupan broj ozljeda koji je evidentiran u razdoblju 2008-2012. godine je bio 181, gdje su 172 ozljede evidentirane kao lake, dok je 9 ozljeda kategorizirano kao teška tjelesna ozljeda. Od ukupnog broja ozlijeđenih radnika, najveći postotak čine radnici koji su obavljali posao sjekača (68%), zatim posao radnika koji su radili na poslovima uzgajanja šuma (20%), vozača traktora (8%), radnici koji rade na ručnom utovaru (3%) i vozača kamiona (1%) (slika 3). Postotak ozlijeđenih sjekača u odnosu na ukupan broj iznosi 25%. Najčeće su se povređivali sjekači starostne dobi između 30 i 40 godina (Slika 4), odnosno oni radnici koji su imali između 15 i 20 godina radnog staža (Slika 5). Najveći broj ozljeda sjekača dogodio se u ožujku i svibnju. Promatrajaći dane u tjednu, najveći broj ozljeda dogodio se ponedjeljkom (skoro 1/3 povreda). Najveći broj ozljeda dogodio se u razdoblju od 10-11 sati prije podne (Slika 8). Najčešće povređivan dio tijela su noge i ruke (Slika 9). Najčešći uzrok ozljede je udarac grane (35%), zatim sljede ozljede uzrokovane lancem motorne pile (21%) (Slika 10). Ono što su ­autori ovoga članka zapazili analizirajući podatke, je činjenica da evidencije o povredama radnika postoje, ali da nisu bile uniformne ni po godinama ni po radnim jedinicama, i često su nedostajali detaljni podaci o ­povredi.Tako je odlučeno da se u idućem razdoblju u dogovoru s nadležnima iz JP kreiraju novi obrasci koje treba popunjavati sukladno preporukama, koji će također biti dati kao prateći materijal.

This research was carried out in a selection stand of beech and fir, where logging was performed with chainsaws of different powers. Two chainsaws of 3.9 kW were used for work on one area, while on the other one the applied tools were a combination of a smaller and a larger saw (2.5 kW and 3.9 kW). After logging, the consumption of energy products (fuel (gasoline and motor oil mix ratio 50:1) and chainsaw oil) was measured for each individual chainsaw by the method of refueling. It was found that the power of the chainsaw, i.e., the combination of chainsaws of different powers, significantly influences the consumption of energy products in a beech–fir mixed stand. By using a combination of one larger and one smaller chainsaw instead of two larger chainsaws, savings of about 26% for fuel and 24% for oil were achieved. The prediction analysis found that by using two chainsaws (of lower and higher power) instead of two higher power chainsaws (currently common mode of work) in beech stands for an estimated volume of about 1 million m3 year−1, the savings could be about 54,000 L of fuel and about 19,000 L of oil. In monetary value, this is a saving of about EUR 120,000 year−1, i.e., of about 2,500,000 MJ year−1 of energy.

Poplars occupy about 31.4 million ha in the world, while in Serbia poplars spread over the area of 48.000 ha. The subject of this research are artificially raised poplar plantations, consisting of poplar clone I-214 (Populus?euramericana (Dode) Guinier cl. I-214) and poplar clone Pannonia (Populus?euramericana (Dode) Guinier cl. Pannonia). Field activities of collecting data required for this research were conducted in two phases. The first phase of data collection included measurement of tree diameter. Also, the numbering, marking and recording of poplar rows, as well as each poplar in the row, was conducted. The second phase of data collection was conducted after the felling of trees that were selected for detailed measurement of the elements required for theoretical cross cutting. In accordance with the general principles of cross cutting, as well as the principles of maximum financial effect, the qualitative partition of trunks into several variants was performed. The classification of wood assortments was performed on the basis of SRPS wood standards. The share of technical wood for veneer (F and L class) in the analyzed poplar trees clone I-214 is 47.54% of the total volume of wood assortments. When it comes to the clone Pannonia, logs for cutting (quality class II), have the greatest share in total volume of wood assortments with 44.08. There is no statistically significant difference between the total volume and the value of the assortments of the two analyzed poplar clones, except when it comes to assortments for chemical exploitation where statistical differences exist.

This paper presents the results of research of efficacy of the lightweight low power chainsaw Stihl MS 260 in the operations of juvenile thinning in preserved even-aged mixed stands of pedunculate oak with hornbeam, ash and other hard hardwoods. The investigations were carried out in the territory of FE ?Sremska Mitrovica? in three sample plots of different ages. It is the first research of this kind based on the choice of optimal technological solution for the cleaning cuts of oak stands. Technology of work is based on cutting unwanted species at a certain height in order to favor pedunculate oak as the main species. In sample plot 1 the cutting through of undesirable species was carried out in one place and then third parties carried out their processing and transportation. In sample plots 2 and 3 workers cut the unwanted species in several places and stacked the timber on the ground so as not to interfere with the growth of pedunculate oak which does not tolerate shading. In this study, we applied time and work study. Group system of work was recorded. The group typically consisted of 4 workers and a foreman. Fuel consumption was recorded by the method of tank refuelling. The research results show that operating conditions have a significant impact on the effects of work with a chainsaw, as well as on the consumption of fuel and lubricants. The differences are mainly caused by different structures of cut timber.

This paper presents the results of an analysis of fuel consumption in the transport of technical roundwood of soft broadleaves from the felling site to a roadside landing using forwarders and tractor assemblies. The research was performed in various operating conditions in the area of FE "Banat" Pancevo. On the basis of the results of the analysis of variance, the data recorded in a variety of conditions were grouped. In addition, the dependence of fuel consumption on the average volume of tour was estimated. The results of the conducted analysis indicate that operating conditions significantly affect fuel consumption of the investigated vehicles. The elements of statistical analysis of the dependence of fuel consumption on the volume of load indicate that an increase in load causes increased fuel consumption per unit of production. Having in mind the results of the analysis of variance, unique norms of fuel consumption were adopted for practical purposes. The highest average consumption (1.21 L/m3) was achieved by a tractor assembly (Same Laser 130 tractor and Imako TP12 trailer with a Loglift 61F hydraulic crane), while significantly lower consumption was achieved by a John Deere 1210E forwarder (1.06 L/m3). In favourable operating conditions, consumption of the forwarder was about 0.9 L/m3.