This study examines the effects of work characteristics, superior supervision, and cultural competence on nurses' burnout. Controlling the effects of work characteristics and supervision, this study focuses on the effects of cultural competence influencing nurses' burnout. Participants in the study are nurses who are working at six small-and medium-size hospitals under 400 beds, which multicultural patients usually use, located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were collected by the measure of cultural competence developed in Korea, and the standardized measures of burnout, workload, role ambiguity, and superior supervision. The statistical analyses include descriptive statistics of respondents' general characteristics, correlation analysis of relationships between variables, and hierarchical regression analysis of the effects of precedent variables on work burnout. The result of hierarchical regression shows that role ambiguity, subcategory of work characteristics, is positively related to burnout, and that supervision has no impact on burnout. In addition, it indicates that cultural competence (cultural knowledge and skill, cultural awareness, cultural attitude) is a statistically significant variable predicting burnout, and that the effect of cultural attitude is the largest among subcategories of cultural competence. The significance of this study is that it lays the foundation for nurses' cultural competence by examining the effects of nurses' cultural competence on burnout. Since work-related competence is not a choice but a must, more diverse education should be provided to improve nurses' cultural competence for multicultural patients.

Abstract. This study examines the effects of job characteristics affecting selfefficacy. The study collected survey data from 155 social workers working at general community welfare centers in Seoul. The averages of job characteristics are task identity (3.92), skill variety (3.62) and autonomy (3.57); and the averages of social workers' self-efficacy are client support efficacy, practice theory efficacy, practice skill efficacy, and research efficacy, in descending order. According to the results of hierarchical regression analysis, (1) task identity is an important variable that can predict all the four subcategories of self-efficacy; (2) autonomy has statistically significant effects on practice theory efficacy; (3) skill variety has no effects on self-efficacy.

Abstract. This study examines the effects of ethical management in social welfare organization on social worker's organizational commitment and turnover intention. Especially, the study investigates mediating effects of superior and employee ethics on the relationships among ethical management, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The analysis of survey data collected from 339 social workers shows that high ethical management is related to high level of superior ethical leadership and employee ethics, and that ethical management has direct effects on social worker's organizational commitment, but not on social worker's turnover intention. The Structural Equation Model analysis confirms mediating effects of superior and employee ethics on the relationships among ethical management, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. It indicates that both superior ethical leadership and employee ethics affect organizational commitment and turnover intention, but that the effects of superior ethical leadership on turnover intention are larger than those of employee ethics. Finally, the study suggests further implications of ethical organization management and superior ethical leadership for improving organizational commitment and reducing turnover intention in social welfare organization.

This study is to examine the effects of cultural competence on nurses' burnout, controlling the effects of precedent factors of burnout identified by previous studies. Nurses who are working at six small-and middle-size hospitals under 400 beds, located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, participated in this study. The data were collected by standardized measures of cultural competence, burnout, and workload, superior supervision and 182 were analyzed. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of respondents' general characteristics, correlation analysis of relationships among variables, hierarchical regression analysis of the effects of precedent variables on work burnout. Cultural competence (cultural knowledge and skill, cultural awareness, cultural attitude) is a statistically significant variable predicting burnout. The significance of this study is that it lays the foundation for nurses' cultural competence by examining the effects of nurses' cultural competence on burnout. Also, work-related competence is not a choice but a must, more diverse education should be provided to improve nurses' cultural competence for multicultural patients.

The increasing number of elderly people who live alone has raised serious social issues such as isolation, care problems, and lonely death. In particular, since elderly people who live alone have a higher rate of depression than general elderly people due to disconnection from good health and social life, it is necessary to promote health, form a social network, and increase leisure activities to prevent depression. Therefore, this study used data from the Korea Welfare Panel in 2020 and conducted a regression analysis to determine how much the health status, leisure life, and social relationship satisfaction of senior citizens who live alone explain the degree of depression. As a result of this study, it was found that the higher the education level of elderly people who live alone, the lower the feeling of depression, and the worse the health status, the higher the depression. The effect of education level on depression was significant with adjusted R2 .020 (p>.001), but the impact was not so great. However, in the regression model with health status added, ΔR2 increased by .151, confirming the effect of health status on depression. The explanatory power of the regression model, in which the variables of social relationship satisfaction and leisure life satisfaction were added, showed that the adjusted R2 was .203 (p>.001). That means that the higher the satisfaction with the social relationship and the higher the satisfaction with leisure activities, the lower the level of depression. Based on the results of analysis, this study proposes measures to prevent and respond to depression of elderly people who live alone.