Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder and its association with an increased propensity of infection has in general, been well recognized. Clinical data on the association of diabetes mellitus with common infections are virtually lacking, not conclusive and often biased. Aims & Objective:The present study was done to determine profile of various infections with their etiological agents and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods:A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India. The study included 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic patients with suspected infections and samples were processed for culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The analysis was done using the software Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) 15.0. Results: Infections encountered in diabetics were urinary tract infection (UTI) (32%), skin and soft tissue infection (12%), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (8%), septicemia (3%) and ascites (1%) whereas prevalence of various infections in non-diabetic patients were UTI (13%), skin and soft tissue infection (19%), LRTI (10%), septicemia (2%), acute appendicitis (1%) and enteric fever (1%). Among various infections, prevalence of urinary tract infection was significantly higher in diabetics (32%) than nondiabetics (13%) (P value = 0.001). Resistance to fluoroquinolones among urinary isolates of E.coli was significantly higher (89.5%) in diabetic patients compared to (50%) in non-diabetic patients (P value = 0.02). Conclusion: Prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics where E.coli was the predominant pathogen in both the group of patients. Fluoroquinolones resistance was more common in diabetic than non -diabetics. We would like to recommend restriction of empirical use of fluoroquinolones in diabetic patients. Carbapenem, Amikacin, Piperacillin-tazobactum and Nitrofurantoin still has acceptable sensitivity against uropathogenic E. coli in both the group of patients and can still be used in treatment failure.

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Aims and Objective: Early diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis is a significant challenge in control of tuberculosis. The present retrospective study was done on sputum and BAL samples of the same patients for better diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Methods: A total of 1000 (700 sputum and 300 BAL) specimens were processed to rule out tuberculosis in suspected cases during the period of August 2015 to March 2018. The result of sputum as well as BAL specimens from 300 same patients were examined for ZN staining and GeneXpert tests. The samples of sputum and BAL were processed as per the standard guidelines. Results: Total of 1000 specimens (700 sputum & 300 BAL) were considered for the results. Out of 1000 specimens 300 patients had submitted both sputum as well as BAL specimens. These 300 specimens were analyzed for comparative results. Out of 300 common samples, 109 (36.3%) sputum and 136 (45%) BAL samples are positive by ZN stain. Whereas, Out of 300 common samples, 149 (49.6%) sputum and 170 (56.6%) BAL samples are positive by GeneXpert method. Out of 149 common specimens that were positive by GeneXpert, 5(3.3%) were found to be Rifampicin resistant. Conclusion:Incidence of MDR TB is 3.3% in our hospital. BAL was found to be superior specimen to sputum for the diagnosis of ZN smears negative pulmonary TB. Sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert is higher than AFB smear microscopy.