Online hate is a topic that has received considerable interest lately, as online hate represents a risk to self-determination and peaceful coexistence in societies around the globe. However, not much is known about the explanations for adolescents posting or forwarding hateful online material or how adolescents cope with this newly emerging online risk. Thus, we sought to better understand the relationship between a bystander to and perpetrator of online hate, and the moderating effects of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., assertive, technical coping) within this relationship. Self-report questionnaires on witnessing and committing online hate and assertive and technical coping were completed by 6829 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from eight countries. The results showed that increases in witnessing online hate were positively related to being a perpetrator of online hate. Assertive and technical coping strategies were negatively related with perpetrating online hate. Bystanders of online hate reported fewer instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported higher levels of assertive and technical coping strategies, and more frequent instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of assertive and technical coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if effective, prevention and intervention programs that target online hate should consider educating young people about problem-focused coping strategies, self-assertiveness, and media skills. Implications for future research are discussed.

Parents are the main factors to support the growth of childrens autism, but many parents still are embarrassed and shut herself away from her social environment. The Internet helps to do self actualisation and developing group owned by her children. The Internet is also helping them to access about the growth needs of autistic children, the problem is parents have different of behavior and the ability to access the internet. The purpose of this study was to describe the behavior of internet access on parents who have autistic children. The researchers used a qualitative method, The number of informants was five person, while in getting the informants using techniques snowball. The concept used is Information behavior and internet literacy. The results of this research show that the behavior of internet information access parents effected by the characteristics of autistic children. Characteristics of autistic children are distinguished into two, the behavior of autistic children are active and passive. Autistic children actively motivate parents have internet literacy, while autistic children passive aspects influenced his parents don't have internet literacy. The conclusion that internet literacy necessary for parents of children with autism, active and passive, especially to help meet the information needs of the growth of her children, as well as fostering confidence and potential of his son. Keywords-internet access behavior, information behavior, internet literacy, autistic children's parents

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Cyberbullying is one of the negative consequences of online social interaction. The digital environment enables adolescents to engage in online social interaction beyond the traditional physical boundaries of families, neighborhoods, and schools. The authors examined connections to friendship networks in both online and offline settings are related to their experiences as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders of cyberbullying. A comparative face-to-face survey of adolescents (12-15-year-olds) was conducted in Korea (n = 520) and Australia (n = 401). The results reveal that online networks are partially related to cyberbullying in both countries, showing the size of social network sites was significantly correlated with experience cyberbullying among adolescents in both countries. However there were cultural differences in the impact of friendship networks on cyberbullying. The size of the online and offline networks has a stronger impact on the cyberbullying experiences in Korea than it does in Australia. In particular, the number of friends in cliques was positively related to both bullying and victimization in Korea.

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