Rosacea patients with dry eye symptoms have significant improvement in symptoms, MGS, TBUT, and Schirmer score, following dietary intervention with O3FAs for 6 months.

Purpose:To establish the strength of the association between routine tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and to determine whether they simulate the morphological and cytological changes that occur on the ocular surface in dry eye. What are the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of these tests when CIC is considered the gold standard? Methods: The tear film profile included tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's-1, Rose Bengal scores (RBS), and impression cytology. CIC samples were obtained from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and counter stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The mean Schirmer's value was 11.66 ± 5.90 in patients and 17.17 ± 2.97 in controls (p < 0.001). The mean TBUT in participants was 8.88 ± 3.54 and 13.53 ± 2.12 in controls (p < 0.001). Patients had a mean goblet cell density (GCD) of 490 ± 213, while the value for controls was 1,462 ± 661 (p < 0.001). Abnormal CIC was observed in 46.7% cases of dry eye and in 32.8% of controls. The correlation coefficient (L) for Schirmer's was 0.2 and 0.24 for participants and controls, respectively, while TBUT values were 0.26 and 0.38, RBS were 0.5 and 0.5, and GCD was 0.8 and 0.6 in cases and controls, respectively. Conclusions: GCD, RBS, and TBUT were better predictors of morphological and cytological changes in the conjunctiva than Schirmer's in dry eye syndrome. The sensitivity of tear function tests in diagnosing dry eye was TBUT > Schirmer's > RBS, and the specificity was Schirmer's > TBUT > RBS in decreasing order when CIC was considered the gold standard.

Introduction: Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) is often complicated by cataract formation. Objective: To assess the results of small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) in FHI and to study the effect of preoperative factors on postoperative vision. Materials and methods: Sixty-three eyes of 59 patients with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis who had SICS with in-the-bag implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) were evaluated retrospectively; and the primary and secondary outcome measures evaluated were the postoperative vision and complication rate. Results: The mean age was 39.22 ± 4.95 years. The mean pre-operative vision was 0.75 ± 0.24 Log MAR units. The mean final vision was 0.27 ± 0.10 Log MAR units (P = < 0.001). At the final follow-up, 84.1 % of the patients had a final Snellen's vision of 6/12 or better. The mean follow-up period was 12.06 ± 2.06 months. The causes of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) worse than 6/60 were vitreous opacities, posterior keratic precipitates (KPs), glaucoma, persistent uveitis and cystoid macular edema (CME). Preoperative factors like iris atrophy (P = 0.973), heterochromia (P = 0.10) and vessels in angle (P = 0.074) did not have a significant effect on the final vision. On the contrary, vitreous opacities (P = 0.002) and posterior KPs (P = 0.009) had a significant effect on the final visual outcome. Conclusion: SICS with in-the-bag implantation of IOL in patients with Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis resulted in good visual outcomes. SICS in complicated cataracts can be performed in rural settings and eye camps with minimal instrumentation, obviating the need for referral to tertiary care centres. Pre-operative factors like vitreous opacities and posterior KPs have a significant effect on the final vision.

Background: Cysticercosis is common in endemic countries like India. It can have various clinical manifestations depending on the tissue involved. It refers to a parasitic infestation by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the pork tapeworm or Taenia solium. Objective: To report an unusual case of ocular cysticercosis involving the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscle of the right eye. Case description: A young, male adult was diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan of the skull and orbit to have right-sided ocular cysticercosis. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and albendazole, to which he showed a significant improvement. Conclusion: Ocular myocysticercosis can be diagnosed by MRI and be treated medically with steroid and albendazole.

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in relieving dry eye symptoms and signs in symptomatic visual display terminal users (VDT). Methods: A randomized controlled study was done; eyes of 470 VDT users were randomized to receive four capsules twice daily for 6 months (O3FAgroup), each containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid. The O3FA group was compared with another group (n = 480) who received four capsules of a placebo (olive oil) twice daily. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The primary outcome was improvement in omega-3 index (a measure of EPA and DHA ratio in RBC membrane). Secondary outcomes were improvement dry eye symptoms, Nelson grade on conjunctival impression cytology, Schirmer test values, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and tear film osmolarity. Means of groups (pre-treatment, 1, 3, and 6-months) were compared with repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: At baseline, 81% patients had low omega-3 index. In the O3FA group, a significant increase in omega-3 index, improvement in symptoms, reduction in tear film osmolarity, and increase in Schirmer, TBUT, and goblet cell density was observed. These changes were not significant in the placebo group. Improvement in test parameters was significantly (P < 0.001) better in patients with low omega3 index (<4%) subgroup. Conclusion: Dietary omega-3 fatty acids are effective for dry eye in VDT users; omega-3 index appears to be the predictor to identify potential dry eye patients who are likely to benefit from oral omega-3 dietary intervention.