Ajwain, dried mature seed like fruits are well known by names such as thymol seeds, caraway, carom, ajowan, or bishop's weed, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Carum copticum is the Latin name for this spice. Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill is scientific name. This spice is indigenous to Egypt, although it is also cultivate in India, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Afganistan, other nations in South and West Asia as well as Europe. Gujarat and Rajasthan are Indian states noted for their ajwain cultivation. It is known as Zenyan or Nankhah in medical and pharmaceutical manuscript of medieval Persia. As Traditional Persian Medicine, Ajwain was well known from thousands of years in unani as well as ayurveda. It is used as a spice world-widely. This plant contains a variety of bioactive compunds of pharmacological importance, involving carbohydrates, fat, fibre, glycosides, protein, phenolic compounds, volatile oil (thymol, γ-terpinene, para-cymene, and α-and β-pinene), saponins and mineral content are found in this plant. The ajwain extract is known as "Admoda Arka" in Ayurveda. Ethnopharmacological values added by Vaidya gurus for coughs, colds, pain, headaches, heartburn, asthma, diarrhoea, painful menstruation, cholera, stomach discomfort, and smooth respiratory and kidney function. It has been used in modern medicine due to clinical findings of its pharmacological activities involving Bronchodilator, Cardiac Stimulant, Carminative, Digestive Stimulant, Diuretic, Galactagogue, Hypo-glycemic, Antioxidant, Antifungal, Anthelmintic, Anti-arthritic, Anti-inflammatory, Antiflatulent, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Antihypertensive, Antifilarial. In this paper we primarily focused on Detailed phytochemistry along with Pharmcognostical and Nutritional values, also traditional and modern pharmacological role along with its safety measurement.

Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called as Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti–hyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastro-intestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.