The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of rosemarinic acid (ROA), a naturally occurring ester of caffeic acid has been well reported. Antibacterial effect of ROA is attributed to nucleoid damage with an increase in spatial division and condensation of genetic material. ROA has been found dynamic against many human pathogenic bacterial strains but its inhibitory prospective has never been established against skin inflammations caused by Propionibacterium acne. The skin surface in acne prone areas is colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes which contribute to inflammation and acne. Resistance to current antimicrobial therapies suggested the need to explore new antimicrobial agents against acne. Present work included the preparation of ROA-loaded niosomes and their in vitro antimicrobial evaluation against P. acne and S. aureus. This work also included the development of niosomal gel of rosmarinic acid for sustained delivery to bacteria infected cells. Niosomes of rosmarinic acid were formulated by reverse phase evaporation method using different ratio of span 85 and cholesterol. The prepared formulations were evaluated for its vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release study and antibacterial activity. In vivo study of developed formulation was conducted on Swiss albino mice in comparison with solution of plain drug and a marketed formulation of benzoyl peroxide. It was evident that niosomes are novel carrier for delivery of naturally occurring antimicrobial agents, in deeper tissues of skin. The results showed that drug-loaded niosomes dispersed in the gelling agent are an effective delivery system for treatment of acne vulgaris.

Ajwain, dried mature seed like fruits are well known by names such as thymol seeds, caraway, carom, ajowan, or bishop's weed, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Carum copticum is the Latin name for this spice. Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill is scientific name. This spice is indigenous to Egypt, although it is also cultivate in India, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Afganistan, other nations in South and West Asia as well as Europe. Gujarat and Rajasthan are Indian states noted for their ajwain cultivation. It is known as Zenyan or Nankhah in medical and pharmaceutical manuscript of medieval Persia. As Traditional Persian Medicine, Ajwain was well known from thousands of years in unani as well as ayurveda. It is used as a spice world-widely. This plant contains a variety of bioactive compunds of pharmacological importance, involving carbohydrates, fat, fibre, glycosides, protein, phenolic compounds, volatile oil (thymol, γ-terpinene, para-cymene, and α-and β-pinene), saponins and mineral content are found in this plant. The ajwain extract is known as "Admoda Arka" in Ayurveda. Ethnopharmacological values added by Vaidya gurus for coughs, colds, pain, headaches, heartburn, asthma, diarrhoea, painful menstruation, cholera, stomach discomfort, and smooth respiratory and kidney function. It has been used in modern medicine due to clinical findings of its pharmacological activities involving Bronchodilator, Cardiac Stimulant, Carminative, Digestive Stimulant, Diuretic, Galactagogue, Hypo-glycemic, Antioxidant, Antifungal, Anthelmintic, Anti-arthritic, Anti-inflammatory, Antiflatulent, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Antihypertensive, Antifilarial. In this paper we primarily focused on Detailed phytochemistry along with Pharmcognostical and Nutritional values, also traditional and modern pharmacological role along with its safety measurement.

Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called as Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti–hyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastro-intestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance involves more than spontaneous reporting, and is more than just evaluating marketed medications. It has grown from a minor component of drug control to a major activity and expanded its scope to encompass the assistance for patient safety during clinical trials by ensuring adequate informed consent and institutional review boards (ethical committees); development of a safety profile for proper use of a new molecular entity and appropriate communication of that information to a range of relevant stakeholders; selection of the first safe dose for use in humans based on pharmacologic data obtained in animal studies; development of a safety profile. This study implicates the growth of pharmacovigilance in assessing the safety of drugs. Methods: The subsequent information was obtained by reviewing the data from earlier published material. The obtained information was evaluated, compiled, deconstructed, reassembled, interpreted, and conclusions were reached. Results: The supply of data necessary for assessing the advantages and dangers of medicines is, first and foremost, a scientific task. Good pharmacovigilance practice must be created to guarantee that data is gathered and used correctly for the intended purpose. Conclusion: Pharmacovigilance has grown into an essential part of drug control. Signal management protocols ensure that surveillance operations monitor the produced product through collaborative actions with manufacturing specialists, analyze benefit-risk management and inspection readiness maintenance as a corporate culture process.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an outbreak on a scale unseen in modern human history. More than two years after the outbreak began, there are 271 million fatalities and more than 5.32 million mortalities reported globally. Vaccination has been the most successful medical intervention in the last century to minimize mortality and suffering due to infectious illnesses. Only the discovery and dissemination of an effective vaccine will probably result at the end of this pandemic. Tremendous attempts have also been made to develop secure and convenient vaccinations. Vaccination is an efficient method of preventing viral illness, stopping its spread, and developing protective immunity. Improved understanding of protective immunity and significant advances in gene editing has enabled the development of a wide range of novel vaccines by manipulating sugars, RNA, proteins, and DNA. The development of attenuated mutants, the expression of prospective antigens in live vectors, and the purifying and direct production of antigens in novel systems have all greatly enhanced vaccination science. Several researchers have been working to assess the effectiveness and toxicity of potential vaccinations against new COVID-19. Furthermore, it is critical to assess the impact of immunization on the severity of illness. Vaccination is currently the most efficient method of regulating animal and human viral illnesses, either by avoiding fatality or drop in suffering. This review summaries several vaccinations developed by different countries. The details are taken and reviewed by a number of articles including research/review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The articles were selected randomly and different data was collected to present as a short review.