Protein pattern, ammonia content, glutamine synthetase activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and peroxidase isoforms were studied in the leaves and roots of 7-d-old peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. JL-24) seedlings treated by 25, 100 and 250 μM jasmonic acid (JA). SDS-PAGE protein profile of leaves and roots after JA application showed a significant increase in 18, 21, 30, 45, 47 and 97.4 kDa proteins and significant decrease in 22 and 36 kDa proteins. Pathogenesis related PR-18 was specific in leaves at 250 μM JA and PR-21 have cross reacted differently with 21 and 30 kDa proteins in leaves and roots treated by all JA concentrations. Further, the immunoblot analysis with glutamine synthetase, GS-45 antibodies revealed a specific cross reaction with 45 and 47 kDa proteins of both control and JA treated leaves, however, higher at 100 and 250 μM JA treated leaves than control ones. Further, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased in leaves and roots treated with JA, indicated membrane damage with JA treatments that led to the generation of peroxidation products. The peroxidase isozymic pattern showed two specific isoforms. Besides, the activities of SOD and catalase were significantly elevated in JA treated leaves.

Cardiovascular disease-related deaths (one-third of global deaths) can be reduced with a simple screening test for better biomarkers than the current lipid and lipoprotein profiles. We propose using a highly atheroprotective subset of HDL with colocalized PON1 (PON1-HDL) for superior cardiovascular risk assessment. However, direct quantification of HDL proteomic subclasses are complicated by the peroxides/antioxidants associated with HDL interfering with redox reactions in enzymatic calorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays. Hence, we developed an enzyme-free Nanoparticle-Gated Electrokinetic Membrane Sensor (NGEMS) platform for quantification of PON1-HDL in plasma within 60 min, with a sub-picomolar limit of detection, 3–4 log dynamic range and without needing sample pretreatment or individual-sample calibration. Using NGEMS, we report our study on human plasma PON1-HDL as a cardiovascular risk marker with AUC~0.99 significantly outperforming others (AUC~0.6–0.8), including cholesterol/triglycerides tests. Validation for a larger cohort can establish PON1-HDL as a biomarker that can potentially reshape cardiovascular landscape.

No abstract

No abstract

Resistance force acting on a rod vertically withdrawn from a granular layer is studied by experiments and numerical simulations. The initial packing fraction of the granular layer is controlled to evaluate the packing dependence of the resistance force. In both experiments and numerical simulations, the frictional resistance force in the steady slipping regime increases as the initial packing fraction is increased. According to the numerical results, the principal reason for the increase of frictional resistance is the increase of normal force acting on the rod. This large normal force stems from the effective solidification of the granular layer which is caused by the shearing induced by the withdrawn rod. Based on this shear-induced solidification, the experimental data are analyzed using a simple 'cylindrical shear-jammed zone' model. Then, the critical divergence of the size of solidified (shearjammed) zone is observed by increasing the initial packing fraction towards the jamming packing fraction.