Inovasi baru serat dari sabut kelapa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari serat sabut kelapa, oleh karena itu dirancanglah pendayagunaan serat dari sabut kelapa untuk penguat komposit dengan material serat alam yang biodegradable. Hal ini untuk mendukung penggunaan komposit yang ramah terhadap lingkungan dan mengurangi penggunaan material komposit serat sintetis yang polutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis sifat mekanik pada komposit serat alam bermaterial serat dari sabut kelapa yang ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian pembuatan komposit berpenguat serat dari sabut kelapa dilakukan treatment NaOH 15% selama 5 jam dan fraksi volume serat 10 %, 15 %, dan 20 %. Komposit serat dari sabut kelapa dengan matriks UPRs 157 BQTN dengan hardener MEXPO. Pengujian mekanik dilakukan uji bending menggunakan standar ASTM D790 dan uji impak menggunakan standar ASTM D5941. Pengujian impak komposit serat alam menunjukkan ketangguhan impak komposit pada fraksi volume serat 20% dengan nilai 0.017588J/mm2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serta berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kekuatan bending komposit serat dari sabut kelapa dengan kekuatan optimum bending pada fraksi volume serat 10% dengan nilai 44,33N/mm2. Hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serat dengan perendaman NaOH 15% akan meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. Perendaman NaOH memberikan pengaruh daya serap sabut kelapa terhadap matrik Unsaturated Polyester yang dapat meningkatkan daya rekat antara penguat serat dengan matrik sehingga meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. ABSTRACT The innovation of coco fiber is used to increase the economic value of coconut coir, therefore the utilization of coconut fiber for reinforcing composites with biodegradable natural fiber material is designed. This is to support the use of composites that are friendly to the environment and reduce the use of pollutant synthetic fiber composite materials. The research objective was to analyze the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites with environmentally friendly coconut fiber as material. The research method of making fiber-reinforced composites from coconut coir was carried out by 15% NaOH treatment for 5 hours and a fiber volume fraction of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Composite fiber from coconut coir with UPRs 157 BQTN matrix with MEXPO hardener. Mechanical testing is carried out using the ASTM D790 standard and the impact test using the ASTM D5941 standard. The impact test of natural fiber composites showed the impact toughness of the composite at a fiber volume fraction of 20% with a value of 0.017588 J/ mm2. The test results showed an increase in volume fraction and an effect on the increase in the bending strength of coconut fiber composites with the optimum bending strength at a fiber volume fraction of 10% with a value of 44.33N /mm2. This shows that the increase in fiber volume fraction by immersion in 15% NaOH will increase the bending mechanical properties and the impact of the composite. Soaking NaOH has an effect on the absorption power of coconut coir on the Unsaturated Polyester matrix which can increase the adhesion between the fiber reinforcement and the matrix thereby increasing the bending mechanical properties and impact of the composite.
This study of the influence of variations in pulley diameter driven on shallot chopper machines against the chaff yield capacity is motivated by the production and consumption of shallots in Indonesia is quite high, so it takes a red onion chopper machine to facilitate the handling and processing. The purpose of this study was to make a shallot chopper machine, to analyze the effect of variations in pulley diameter on the yield of onion chopping, and to analyze the results of onion chopping. In this study, the analyzed were chopper speed with variations in pulley diameter driven 6 inch, 7 inch, 8 inch and 1½ inch drive pulley diameter. The test method uses 200 grams of shallots per experiment with repetitions three times the experiment with variations of pulley driven 6 inches, 7 inches, and 8 inches. After testing, an analysis of the data obtained in the form of chaff yield capacity is completed. The best test results were obtained using variations in pulley diameter driven by 6 inches with a chopping yield capacity of 3.77 grams / second.
Gerakan osilasi harmonik atau getaran dari suatu konstruksi harus diperhatikan utuk meminimalisir kegagalan. Untuk menganalisa studi kasus getaran konstruksi dapat mengunakan pemodelan pegas osilasi harmonik teredam. Persamaan eksak kasus osilator harmonik menggunakan persamaan diferensial yang tidak mudah. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diambil langkah menggunakan pendekatan numerik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perbedaan tingkat kesalahan antara metode Euler, Heun, dan Runge-Kutta Orde 4 terhadap perhitungan analitik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan metode Runge-Kutta Orde 4 menunjukkan tingkat kesalahan terkecil dibandingkan dengan metode yang lain.
This research is based on the background of many banana slicing machines needed by home industries. Therefore, to increase production capacity, simplify work and shorten work time with optimum results new innovations are needed. The purpose of this study was to make a prototype of a banana slicing machine with variations in pulley diameter to the rotational speed and thickness of the slices and to know the capacity of the banana slicing machine. The prototype of a banana slicing machine made using a 1400 rpm electric motor is assembled with a 40 mm pulley, to reduce the v-belt rotational speed to pulley with a diameter of 125 mm pulley, 150 mm, 175 mm. The capacity of the first pulley slices at a speed of 448 rpm, the pulley diameter of 125 mm is 7.66 grams / second and the slice thickness is 2 mm. The sliced capacity of the second pulley uses a 150 mm pulley diameter of 6.42 grams / second and a slice thickness of 1-2 mm. The capacity of the third pulley slice uses a 175 mm pulley diameter of 5.51 kg / hour and a slice thickness of 1 mm and not a rule.
<p>Komposit <em>sandwich</em> berpenguat serat alam banyak digunakan dalam aplikasi bidang industri otomotif dan perumahan ramah lingkungan sebagai dinding komposit. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh orientasi serat, jumlah layer, dan tebal <em>core </em>terhadap kekuatan bending komposit <em>sandwich</em> serat kenaf dengan <em>core</em> kayu <em>Albizzia Falcataria</em>. Material penelitian menggunakan serat kenaf (<em>Hibiscus Cannabinus</em> ), matrik <em>unsaturated polyester</em> 157 BQTN-EX dengan katalis MEXPO, dan <em>core</em> kayu <em>Albizzia Falcataria</em>. Komposit serat kenaf 2 layer pada variasi orientasi serat 0/90, 30/60, dan 45/-45. Komposit <em>sandwich</em> pada orientasi serat 0/90 dan tebal <em>core</em> 10 mm dengan variasi jumlah lamina 2, 4, 6, dan 8 layer. Komposit <em>sandwich</em> dengan jumlah lamina 4 layer dan variasi tebal <em>core</em> 5, 10, 15, dan 20 mm. Pembuatan komposit menggunakan metode cetak tekan. Pengujian bending komposit mengacu pada standar ASTM D 790, dan komposit <em>sandwich</em> mengacu pada standar ASTM C 393. Hasil pengujian komposit serat kenaf variasi orientasi serat 0/90, 30/60, dan 45/-45 dengan tebal lamina 2 layer kekuatan bending optimal pada orientasi serat 0/90 dengan nilai 62.81 N/mm<sup>2</sup>. Optimasi pengujian komposit <em>sandwich</em> dengan variabel tebal lamina 2, 4, 6, dan 8 layer dengan orientasi serat 0/90 dan tebal <em>core</em> 10 mm kekuatan bending optimal pada tebal lamina 4 layer dengan nilai 165.76 N/mm<sup>2</sup>. Kekuatan bending komposit <em>sandwich</em> dengan variabel tebal <em>core</em> 5, 10, 15, dan 20 mm pada orientasi serat 0/90 dengan jumlah lamina 4 layer optimal pada tebal <em>core</em> 20 mm sebesar 178.03 N/mm<sup>2</sup>. Mode kegagalan terjadi pada komposit dan komposit <em>sandwich</em> adalah <em>face yield, core shear</em> dan <em>fiber pull out.</em></p>
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