State Defense is the determination, attitude and behavior of citizens imbued with their love for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, willing to sacrifice to ensure the survival of the State. The formulation of the problems in this study is the following: First, what is the concept of State Defense in Indonesia? Second, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the enforcement of State Defense in Indonesia today? The method in this study is normative using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The approaches used in this research are the legislation approach, conceptual approach and case approach. After analysing, it is known that the concept of State Defense which focuses more on the understanding of noble values in Pancasila in relation to character or behavior and the author sees this study in two different perspectives as outlined in the form of policy on the enforcement of State Defense by relying on legislation through policies about State Defense. It is not appropriate for a state defense program to be carried out suddenly by the Ministry of Defense, as it should be the domain of the Ministry of Education hence we provide solutions that can be realized in several programs including: Intra-curricular by integrating the education program of State Defense awareness and building national character into various eyes lesson; as well as extracurricular by implementing intra-culicular activities into various extra-curricular activities that can be applied in community life with the implementation planned carefully and integrated with the education curriculum so that the young generation is observed and evaluated. In essence, the application of the training program must be adjusted to the guidance of the current era in the implementation of State Defense in Indonesia.

The research entitled Asymmetric Decentralization of the Authority of Archipelago Provinces in Natural Resources Management to Realize Community Welfare aims to (1) determine the meaning and urgency of implementing the concept of asymmetric decentralization in regulating the authority of archipelagic provinces; and (2) analyze how the authority of the archipelagic provinces in the management of natural resources can create public welfare. This research is a normative legal research (juridical normative) using approaches including: a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. This research uses the main theory "welfare law state theory" to analyze the achievement of the goal of legal development, namely the welfare of the community. In order to analyze the existing problems, several relevant concepts were also used, including: (1) the concept of asymmetric decentralization and regional autonomy; and (2) the concept of an archipelagic state and archipelagic province that is specifically focused on the formulation of the norms of regional government authority in provinces characterized by islands.Keywords: Asymmetric Decentralization, Islands, Natural Resources

Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) Tingkat Universitas ini adalah agar masyarakat desa fanaha yang umumnya tergolong kelompok masyarakat rentan dapat memperoleh akses informasi dan pengetahuan perihal bantuan hukum cuma-cuma bilamana mereka berhadapan dengan masalah hukum. Metode pelaksanaan PKM Tingkat Universitas ini melalui metode ceramah dalam bentuk penyuluhan/ sosialisasi dan membentuk jejaring paralegal di lokasi pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM. Jejaring paralegal inilah yang akan menjadi penghubung kepada OBH bilamana terdapat warga di lokasi PKM Tingkat Universitas ini yang membutuhkan bantuan hukum cuma-cuma.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas implementasi Perda Kota Ternate Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Ketertiban Umum yang sampai saat ini belum ditetapkan peraturan pelaksanaannya sehingga menyebabkan Perda tersebut tidak efektif. Jenis penelitian hukum empiris ini menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus yang berlokasi di Kota Ternate. Permasalahan tersebut menjadi fokus penelitian yaitu bagaimana efektifitas implementasi Perda Kota Ternate Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 Tentang Ketertiban Umum, efektifitas implementasi Perda merupakan ukuran pencapaian tujuan yang telah ditentukan oleh peraturan dalam Perda. Dengan demikian dapat dijelaskan bahwa efektivitas Perda diukur dari target yang diatur dalam Perda, yang telah tercapai sesuai dengan apa yang dirumuskan sejak awal. Ada empat hal yang menjadi faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan Perda Kota Ternate Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Ketertiban Umum, yaitu faktor hukum, faktor penegak hukum, sarana atau fasilitas penunjang dan faktor masyarakat. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut maka pengawasan dalam pelaksanaan peraturan daerah karena peraturan daerah yang baik yang memiliki legitimasi harus benar-benar menjamin kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat agar tidak bertentangan dengan asas hukum dan kepentingan umum yang berlaku. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam penerapan Peraturan Daerah adalah ketika peraturan tersebut sudah berfungsi, namun sarana penunjangnya belum tersedia secara lengkap. Regulasi yang semula dimaksudkan untuk mempercepat proses itu, justru menimbulkan kemacetan. Begitu juga dengan penerapan Perda Kota Ternate Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Ketertiban Umum. Kepastian hukum merupakan perlindungan terhadap tindakan sewenang-wenang, yang berarti seseorang akan dapat memperoleh sesuatu yang diharapkan dalam keadaan tertentu. Hukum adalah untuk manusia, maka pelaksanaan hukum atau penegakan hukum harus dapat memberikan manfaat atau kegunaan bagi masyarakat. Unsur berikutnya adalah keadilan, dalam pelaksanaan penegakan hukum setempat.

This study aims to determine the role of local government in the issuance of rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City and to determine the factors that become obstacles in controlling rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. This type of research is empirical law using a statute approach and a case approach located in Rock Mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. The enactment of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining provides a change in the management and exploitation regime of mineral and coal mining from a contract regime to a permit regime. With the spirit of regional autonomy, it has inspired local governments to be empowered to be able to manage government affairs by themselves in order to optimally advance their economy. This is the basis for the legitimacy of the North Maluku provincial government in exercising its authority. It is important to oversee the North Maluku provincial government on rock mining activities in Kalumata. From the pre-research data, the researcher found that the rock mining that has occurred so far does not have a permit as stipulated in statutory regulations. From these problems, the focus of the research is how the role of the local government in the issuance of rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City and what factors are the obstacles in controlling rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. Government supervision of mining activities is ideally seen from the implementation of good mining principles, supervision of the implementation of mining business management, and supervision of the implementation of mining business activities. Based on these government functions, it will be a benchmark for the performance of the North Maluku provincial government in carrying out its supervisory function.Keywords: Rock Mining, Supervision, and Government