ABSTRAKStreptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang paling penting dalam proses terjadinya karies gigi dan juga merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan bau nafas tak sedap. Berbagai tindakan telah dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan rongga mulut, salah satunya adalah menggunakan obat kumur. Chlorhexidine gluconate telah menjadi gold standard sejak 1940 karena efektif dan mempunyai spektrum antimikroba yang luas. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan chlorhexidine gluconate dalam jangka panjang tidak dianjurkan karena efek samping yang dapat terjadi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penulis ingin memberi solusi alternatif dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak seledri (Apium graveolens L. var secalinumAlef) yangmengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin yang merupakan senyawa bersifat antibakteri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode dilusi untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM). Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 tabung dan 2 tabung kontrol dengan konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, dan 3,125%. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) yang didapatkan adalah 3,125%, sedangkan untuk Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) tidak dapat ditentukan. Tidak dapat ditentukan diduga terkait dengan rendahnya senyawa aktif pada sampel penelitian ini. serta diduga terdapat degradasi senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak seledri akibat paparan sinar matahari, panas, dan pH. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak seledri (Apium graveolens L. var secalinum Alef)  mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans namun tidak dapat membunuh bakteri tersebut.Kata Kunci :Ekstrak Seledri (Apium graveolens L. var secalinum Alef) – Streptococcus mutans – metode dilusiStreptococcus mutans is the most important bacteria in the process of dental caries and also Gram positive bacteria  bakteri that has ability to produce bad odor. Various measures have been taken to maintain oral health, one of them is using mouthwash. Chlorhexidine gluconate has became the gold standard since 1940 because it’s effectiveness and has a broad antimicrobial spectrum. However, the long-term use of chlorhexidine gluconate is not recommended because of possible side effects that can occur later on. Based on this, the author wanted to show an alternative solution by utilizing celery extract (Apium graveolens L. var secalinum Alef) containing flavonoids, saponins, and tannins which are antibacterial compounds. This research is designed as an  experimental  laboratory with dilution method  to determine Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). This study using 6 tubes and 2 control tubes with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%. The Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) is 3.125%, while for Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) there is no result. This result might be related to the use of crude extract and minimal amount of active compound in this sample. Besides, the amount of active compound can be degraded by exposure of light, heat, and pH.Based on the result, celery extract (Apium graveolens L. var secalinum Alef)   able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria but can not kill the bacteria. Keywords :Celery Extract (Apium graveolens L. var secalinum Alef) – Streptococcus mutans – dilution method

Estrogen is a hormone which is related to lipid oxidation, lypogenesis inhibition, and lipolysis rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moderate intensity exercise on body weight and blood estrogen level in ovarectomized mice (ovx). The study was held in the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga during the period of April to May 2017 on old nineteen 3-4 months old female mice, , 20-30 grams of weight, which were divided into two groups: OVX (n=9, ovx without exercise) and OVX+E (n=10, ovx and moderate intensity exercise). Moderate intensity exercise in this study included swimming, three times a week at 3 pm for four weeks using a 6% of body weight load. Experiment data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test using SPSS. The average body weights of the OVX group were 26.44 ± 1.94 grams and 29.89 ± 2.62 gram at pretest and posttest, respectively., while for the OVX+E group, the weights were 26.50 ± 2.59 grams and 26.40 ± 2.07 grams. There were asignificant intergroup body weight differences (∆OVX= 3.44 ± 2.55 gram and ∆OVX+E=-1.00 ± 1.37 gram) with p=0.004. Blood estrogen level in OVX+E (12.04 ±10.13 ng/ml) was higher than in control (OVX= 11.24 ± 8.33 ng/ml); however, the difference was not significant (p=0.855). Moderate intensity exercise reduces body weight, without any significant increase in blood estrogen level. Hence, the body weight loss is not caused by estrogen, which may be due to the short period of exercise in this study that the estrogen has not had the time to increase.

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Breastmilk donors are increasingly widespread and can be done by mothers easily and rapidly through the internet. This study aims to analyze the correlation of knowledge and attitudes of breastmilk donors to the behavior of breastmilk donors via the internet in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional analytic design and using a total sampling technique by sending research instruments in the form of the Google form was conducted in January-April 2017. The study respondents were breastmilk donors who posted information on their breastmilk to be shared through Facebook Human Milk 4 Human Babies Indonesia in Jakarta, Depok, Indramayu, Bandung, and others were totaling 41 respondents. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test with confidence level was α=0.05. The study results showed that the correlation to knowledge and behavior of breastmilk donors had p value=0.080, while the correlation on attitude and behavior of breastmilk donors had p value=0.715. In conclusion, there was no correlation between the attitude of breastmilk donors and the practice of breastmilk sharing via the internet.