This study aims to identify directive speech acts on online news titles. Research data are sentences in online news titles. Research data sources in the form of online news titles sourced from the news in CNN Indonesia, Liputan 6.com, Detiknews, Viva.co.id.news, TEMPO.CO, Kompas.com, Kumparan.News, and Republika.co.id. Data collection using documentation methods, see, and note technique. Analysis of research data using the intralingual and pragmatic matching methods. The validity of the data in this study uses the triangulation method. The results showed the directive speech acts in the online news titles included: (1) forcing as much as 3.2%; (2) request as much as 4%; (3) asking for 40%; (4) giving orders as much as 2.4%; (5) demanded 4.8%; (6) prohibiting 12.8%; (7) suggest 11.2%; (8) invite 16%; and (9) collect 5.6%. The directive speech act on the online news headline can be used as a learning medium in digital technology-based schools.

Purpose of the study: This research aimed to analyze the judicial rationing behind Decision No. 262/Pid.B/2018/Pn.Skt. According to Article 170 of the Indonesian Criminal Code in the legal event of a mass violence crime that occurred in Surakarta City.  Methodology: This was normative legal research that used the case approach. It emphasized the legal consideration of judges in deciding and giving a verdict upon a case. Results: This research analyzed Decision No. 262/Pid.B/2018/Pn.Skt. Judges considered that the actions committed by the group of perpetrators originated from the aggressive nature of humans due to their animal power that can cause law-violating actions. This aggressive human nature in a group caused a sense of affection and bond creates similarities in desires, goals, and ideas. It resulted in a sense of solidarity in the group according to the ashobiyah terminology. Applications of this study: to provide knowledge on: (1) the judicial analysis based on the factors that influence the occurrence of mass violence; and (2) the judicial consideration in deciding upon a case of mass violence in Surakarta City based on the judicial rationing in Decision No. 262/Pid.B/2018/PN.Skt. Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper provided new information on the action of mass violence on Decision No. 262/Pid.B/2018/PN.Skt correlated with Ibnu Khaldun’s ashobiyah terminology. Keywords: judicial reasoning, mass violence, aggressivity, ashobiyah    ABSTRAK  Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertimbangan yuridis di balik Putusan Nomor 262/Pid.B/2018/Pn.Skt. Menurut Pasal 170 KUHP dalam peristiwa hukum tersebut, tindak pidana kekerasan massal terjadi di Kota Surakarta.  Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kasus. Ditekankan pada pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam memutus dan memberikan putusan atas suatu perkara.  Hasil: Penelitian ini menganalisis Keputusan No. 262/Pid.B/2018/Pn.Skt. Hakim menilai bahwa perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok pelaku tersebut berawal dari sifat agresif manusia karena animal power yang dapat menimbulkan perbuatan melanggar hukum. Sifat agresif manusia dalam suatu kelompok menimbulkan rasa kasih sayang dan ikatan yang menimbulkan kesamaan keinginan, tujuan, dan gagasan. Hal itu mengakibatkan rasa solidaritas dalam kelompok menurut terminologi ashobiyah.  Aplikasi penelitian ini: memberikan pengetahuan tentang (1)analisis yuridis berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kekerasan massal, (2)pertimbangan yuridis dalam memutus perkara kekerasan massal di Kota Surakarta berdasarkan yuridis rationing dalam Putusan No. 262/Pid.B/2018/PN.Skt.  Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Tulisan ini memberikan informasi baru tentang aksi kekerasan massal pada Putusan No. 262/Pid.B/2018/PN.Skt yang berkorelasi dengan terminologi ashobiyah Ibnu Khaldun.  Kata kunci: penalaran yudisial, kekerasan massal, agresivitas, ashobiyah

Persuasive speech becomes a strategy to attain certain goals and objectives in the communication process. The present study aims at revealing symbolic deixis in persuasive discourse on road signs/lane markings, specifically popular jargons as learning media based on the perspective of forensic linguistics. The method is qualitative descriptive based on library study of scientific books and journals, with main topics of symbolic deixis, persuasive discourse, and learning media. Data include the texts on selected road signs. Analytical technique is interpretations based on symbolic deixis in persuasive discourse. This study reveals that symbolic deixis on road signs is a trick to attract the attention of road users. The texts are persuasive discourse as a means to encourage road users to comply with traffic regulations. Symbolic deixis in persuasive discourse on road signs is a message to promote the safety of road users. Persuasive discourse on road signs can be employed as forensic linguistic-based learning media.

The inclusion of Bahasa Indonesia for legal field in kindergarten is an integral part of language learning, which is suitable for early childhood development. This study is aimed at determining the utilization of Bahasa Indonesia for legal field as learning media to promote the legal awareness of students. The present study used a qualitative descriptive approach on the strategy of introducing Bahasa Indonesia for legal field in Kindergarten by using road sign images that have legal language symbolic meaning. The source of data was texts on road signs on the highways collected through recording and documentation. Data analysis technique was interpretation based on the forensic linguistic perspective in accordance with literature review of books and scientific journals. The results show that Bahasa Indonesia for legal study as learning media in kindergarten is carried out through role-play model to introduce road signs, Bahasa Indonesia for legal field is packed by using the images of road signs that can be found in daily life hence the concept are exciting and easily understood by students, and explanations of traffic regulations that have legal language symbolic meanings is done by using appropriate words in accordance with the student development based on forensic linguistic perspective as an effort to foster understanding and awareness about the rule of law in children.