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A study on adsorption of AFB1 in corn (kernel and grained)

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Legume nodulating bacteria (LNB), known also as rhizobia, are soil bacteria, which are able to form root nodules and fi x nitrogen in the leguminous plants. The LNB availability in the soil depends on the type of agroecosystem, where plant grows. In this study, we isolated LNB from the shrub agroecosystem in Sumatera, Indonesia, and obtained four selected bacterial strains. Among them, the isolate UGM48a formed root nodule in Macroptilium atropurpureum and showed highest number of nitrogenase activity. UGM48a also contains nifH and nodA genes. An analysis of the PCR-amplifi ed 16S rDNA and BLASTn analysis showed that UGM48a displayed 96% similarity with Achromobacter xylosoxidans. In addition, UGM48a were successfully nodulated Glycine max (L.) merr var. wilis. This is the fi rst report detecting A. xylosoxidans as nodule-forming species for Glycine max possesing the positive copy of nodA gene.

A survey was conducted between 1998-1999 to evaluate the level of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) contamination in some selected Indonesian food products, mainly peanuts and peanut products for sale in supermarkets or traditional markets in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Quantitative analysis was carried out on 118 samples using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique. The results indicate that (61.1%) samples were contaminated with AfB1 at range 2.0 to 249.0 μg/kg. Approximately 50% of the baby food products analysed were contaminated with AfB1 and the maximum level found was 7.0 μg/kg. In corn products and fermented products, AfB1 was detected in 66.7 and 50.0% of samples, respectively. A level as high as 5.6 μg/kg of AfB1 was found in the corn and 6.0 μg/kg in fermented product. AfB1 was also detected in all rice products, feed products, and other processed products at levels of up to 7.0, 27.0, and 26.0 μg/kg, respectively.