The nutritive potency of rubber leaves (Hevea brasiliensis) as forage/feed for goats was analysed in vivo. Twenty four male and female postweaned Etawah grade kids aged 4-6 months with body weights between 11 to 26 kg were allocated into three treatment groups (i.e. T0, T1 and T2) with eight repetition designed as Randomized Block Design. Treatment diet T0 consisted of 0% rubber leaves, 80% other forages and 20% rice bran. Treatment diet T1 consisted of 40% rubber leaves, 40% other forages and 20% rice bran, and Treatment diet T2 consisted of 60% rubber leaves, 20% other forages and 20% rice bran. The results showed that DM, DE and DP consumptions, ADG and FCR of the T0, T1 and T2 treatment groups were respectively: 1008, 1040 and 1199 g DM; 2.8, 2.9 and 4.0 McalDE; 31.9, 42.9 and 59.8 g DP; 58.2, 85.7 and 76.1 g/head/day; 25.6, 15.9 and 18.0. It can be concluded that the use of rubber leaves and its branches with composition of 40 to 60% of goat diets can increase energy and protein consumptions, increase body weight gain, decrease FCR, and subsequently increase the production efficiency of the goats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplemented curcumin (Curcuma longa) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) on hematological values of broilers. Three hundred twenty one-day-old broilers were randomly distributed into 8 treatment groups with 4 replicates (pens) of 10 chicks each. The treatment diets were control groups (T01=basal diet and T02=basal diet + bacitracin), and treatment diets supplemented with curcumin (C1, C2, and C3), and supplanted with ginger (Z1, Z2 and Z3). Results showed that PVCs and hemoglobin level of the chickens fed treatment diets increased significantly (P<0.05) compare to the control diets, and the erythrocytes of the chickens fed diet supplemented with ginger increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control in period I (21 days of age) but no significant differences in Period II (34 days of age). Furthermore, treatment diets had no effect on erythrocyte indices of MCHC and MCV (P>0.05). However, dietary inclusion of the addition of ginger significantly decreased MCH in period I (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in period II. Furthermore, the treatment diets had significantly lower leucocytes and heterophils/lymphocytes ratios (P<0.05) than the control diets, but no significant differences were investigated in the percentage of differential leucocytes of eosinophils and basophils. In conclusion, the use of curcumin and ginger up to the level of 1.5% indicated the potentcy of improving the general health status of broilers. They have been able to improve the hematological values, and reduce the stress level of the chickens.

Acne vulgaris is a kind of skin diseases which caused by Propionibacterium acne bacterias. Nowadays, the treatments of acne are still using the antibiotics as a first protocol, but the overuses of this in a long duration can be resistants. Therefore, it is very important to find some candidates of natural products to become antibacterial agents in the acne treatments. One of the natural products is Durian (Durio zibethinus (Linn)), a part of durian which is called rinds of durian known as mesocarpium, it contains a lot of organic chemical compounds, there are alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics which have antibacterial activities especially in flavonoids. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of durian rinds extracts to the Propionibacterium acnes bacterias. This study was used as a randomized completed trial design. The test of antibacterial activities uses the dilution method in 96 well plate and diffusion method, then the amount of the colony was measured by colony counter. The treatments were using a series concentrations 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, the negative control using 10% of DMSO and the positive control using clindamycine. The Results showed that the rinds of durian have given the moderates antibacterial activities at the 7.5% concentrations with the MIC value of 5% and the colony number was 67 colonies. Based on this results, it might conclude that the rinds of durian have the potential as an antibacterial agent which was bacteriostatic.

A kidney stone is a disease that is quite often found in the community. Kidney stone disease is characterized by the formation of small stones due to precipitation in the urine. This stone can clog urethra and cause pain. The most common kidney stone content is calcium oxalate. Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) contains several secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins. The content of secondary metabolites is thought to shed kidney stone. This study aims to reveal other properties of kemangi plant as anticalculi. Method: The stages in this study consisted of making kemangi leaf ethanol extract, extract characterization, phytochemical extract screening, kidney stone calcium making, and kidney stone calcium decay test stage. Testing the effect of the destruction of kidney stone is carried out in vitro by testing the rate of decay of kidney stone calcium components in various concentrations of ethanol extracts of kemangi leaf in physiological NaCl. Kidney stone calcium decay was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ASS). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and continued with the LSD test. Results: ethanol extract of kemangi leaf at a concentration of 600 ? x ?1600 ppm could shed kidney stone calcium significantly greater than negative controls. Conclusion: the kemangi leaf ethanol extract has potential as the destruction of kidney stone.