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The rail industry has been significantly affected by the passive safety technology in the last few years. The tram front-end design must fulfill the new requirements for pedestrian passive safety performance in the near future. The requirements are connected with a newly prepared technical guide “Tramway front end design” prepared by Technical Agency for ropeways and Guided Transport Systems. This paper describes research connected with new tram front-end design safe for pedestrians. The brief description of collision scenario and used human-body model “Virthuman” is provided. The numerical simulations (from field of passive safety) are supported by experiments. The interesting part is the numerical model of the tram windshield experimentally validated here. The results of simulations are discussed at the end of paper.

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The aim of this paper is to contribute to investigation of passive safety of passengers in railway vehicles using numerical simulations. At first, a typical interior of a railway vehicle is created in the Virtual Performance Solution software. It includes finite element models of seats. Their mechanical properties have been determined experimentally. Particular attention is paid to the table in the backseat as a potentially harmful element. In numerical simulations, both folded and unfolded states of the table are considered. The passenger is represented with the virtual human body model Virthuman. Its structure is composed of rigid bodies and deformable segments to account for deformability of soft tissues. It allows for the prediction of injury risk. The numerical simulations aim to investigate the potential benefit of standard seat belts in a railway vehicle. Therefore, the passenger is seated considering three configurations: seating with no constraints, belted with a two-point belt and a three-point belt. The interior is loaded with a crash-pulse prescribed by the GM/RT2100 regulation. The results are discussed in terms of passenger kinematics and injury risk.