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Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic infl ammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic infl ammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is genderdependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related infl uence of physical activity on the infl ammatory response and biochemical profi le of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the infl uence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all infl ammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/ VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our fi ndings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between infl ammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.

Regular exercise is benefi cial to health. This study evaluated the effects of moderate and intense physical exercise modalities on intradermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model. Mice that practiced moderate exercise had lower bacterial load on lymph nodes and less infl ammatory infi ltrate in dermis. They presented greater weight, however, less amount of epididymal fat: the weight was increased while they had fat diminished. A positive correlation was observed between lipid content and bacterial load in mice trained at moderate intensity. Animals that were under high intensity exercises presented superior bacterial load on the lymph nodes, increased neutrophil count and circulating lymphocytes, and had leukocyte recruitment to the dermis augmented, when compared to the ones in moderate exercise. These fi ndings suggest that moderate physical activity modulates the immune response in dermal infection caused by S. aureus in a murine model.