Coronary Heart Disease is an ilness wich has high mortality rate either in developed or in developing country. In the entire world, a number of patients who suffer this desease still increases each year. Cigarette, is widely acclaimed to be the cause of death in the world. Thus, the smoking habit is very dangerous to the health. A bad habit has a power in damaging a person’s health, as smoking habit which can cause a person susceptible to get cardiovascular disease. Smoking is a major risk factor to get a heart disease which has strong correlation to the case of coronary heart disease. Smoking behaviour assessed based on the duration of smoking, the types of smoker, and the kind of cigarette. This research used the analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The people being samples in this research are patients who suffer coronary heart disease in Polyclinic Center of Heart- Blood Vessel and Brain Unity of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. The research conducted during October – December 2014. In this research, the researcher used consecutive sampling as the technique in taking samples. The data got in this research were analyzed by using Chi-Square statistical test. The result of Chi-Square experiment showed that there is a significant correlation between smoking behavior and coronary heart disease case based on the duration of smoking (p= 0,010), the type of smoker (p=0,014) and the kind of cigarette to be smoked (p=0,001). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the duration of smoking, the types of smoker, and the kind of cigarette to be smoked with the case of coronary heart disease.Keywords: smoking behavior, coronary heart disease.Abstrak: Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) adalah penyakit dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Diseluruh dunia, jumlah pasien penyakit ini terus bertambah dari tahun ke tahun. Rokok secara luas telah menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian di dunia dan kebiasaan merokok merupakan perilaku yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Kebiasaan dan rutinitas yang merugikan memiliki kekuatan untuk merusak kesehatan seseorang seperti kebiasaan merokok yang merupakan contoh kebiasaan untuk memudahkan seseorang terkena penyakit kardiovaskuler. Merokok merupakan faktor risiko mayor untuk terjadinya penyakit jantung, dan memiliki hubungan kuat untuk terjadinya PJK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku merokok dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Perilaku merokok dinilai berdasarkan lama merokok, tipe perokok, dan jenis rokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang/cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Poli Klinik Pusat Jantung – Pembuluh Darah dan Otak Terpadu RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Oktober 2014 – Desember 2014 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku merokok dan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner berdasarkan lama merokok (P = 0,010 ), tipe perokok (P = 0,014) dan jenis rokok yang dihisap (P = 0,001). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama merokok, tipe perokok dan jenis rokok yang dihisap dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner.Kata kunci: perilaku merokok, penyakit jantung koroner

The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between anemia and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using consecutive sampling. Patients’ quality of life was assessed with short-form 36 questionnaires (SF-36) while their Hb levels data were taken from the medical records. There were 60 samples, with a majority age range of 50-59 years old (33.33%) adn the dominant gender was males (68,3%). There were 13 non-anemia patients (22%), 27 mild anemia patients (45.0%), 15 moderate anemia patients (25.0%) and 5 severe anemia patients (8%). The highest quality of life score obtained was 90.70 with an average score 61.99. The Spearman correlation test showed a correlation between anemia and life quality (p=0.000). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between anemia and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, anemia, quality of life Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia dengan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis reguler. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan studi potong silang (cross sectional study). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu consecutive sampling. Data kualitas hidup pasien diukur dengan pertanyaan dalam kuesioner Short Form (SF-36) sedangkan kadar Hb diambil dari rekam medik. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan sampel 60 orang, usia terbanyak 50-59 tahun (33,3%), jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki (68,3%), tidak anemia 13 orang (22%), anemia ringan 27 orang (45,0%), 15 orang (25,0%) anemia sedang dan sisanya 5 orang (8%) anemia berat. Skor kualitas hidup tertinggi 90,70 dengan rata-rata 61,99. Uji korelasi spearman didapatkan hubungan antara anemia dengan kualitas hidup (p=0,000). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia dengan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis reguler.Kata kunci: penyakit ginjal kronik, hemodialisis, anemia, kualitas hidup

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a process of patofisiologis with multiple etiology, resulting in decline kidney function that is progressive and generally ending with kidney failure. The incidence of the patients with CKD in developing countries, is estimated to be around 40-60 cases per 1 million citiziens per year. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there will be an increase in patients with kidney disease in Indonesia as much as 41.4% between 1995-2025. In Indonesia, from data in some parts of Nephrology, estimated incidence of CKD range 100-150 per 1 million citiziens. This research aims to know the description of iron status in Chronic Kidney Disease who undergoing Hemodialysis in Intalation of Hemodialysis was BLU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital. Method: This study uses descriptive retrospective method based on primary data from research period November 2013 - December 2013 in the Installation of Hemodialysis was BLU. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. Research variables used are age, sex, the results of the laboratory test, the cause of CKD, undergoing long-term of Hemodialysis. Result: The results are from 57 total patient who included in research criterion there 41 (72%) men  and 16 (28%) woman, based on the age group, group of age 41-64 38 (67%), the distribution of laboratory results based on hemoglobin levels in men at levels of 8-8.9 g/ dL, 15 (37%), as well as the women in the highest levels of hemoglobin levels of 8-8.9 g/ dL 5 (32%), based on hematocrit levels in men - most men in levels of 24-26.9% 14 (34%), and women most at levels of 21-23.9% 5 (32%), based on the highest value of serum iron value of 59-158 ug/ dL 33 (58%), based TIBC value most in the value <250 ug / dL 52 (91%), based on the highest value of transferrin saturation values​​ >50% 27 (48%), based on the most cause of CKD due Nefrosclerosis Hypertension 56 (98%). Conclusion: On this research most on sex men and age group 20-64. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Iron serum, TIBC, Transferrin saturation.     Abstrak: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan suatu proses patofisiologis dengan etiologi yang beragam, mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dan pada umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Insidens penderita PGK di  negara-negara berkembang, diperkirakansekitar 40 - 60 kasus perjuta penduduk per tahun. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan akan terjadi peningkatan pasien dengan penyakit ginjal di Indonesia sebesar 41,4% antara tahun 1995-2025. Di Indonesia, dari data di beberapa bagian nefrologi, diperkirakan insidens PGK berkisar 100-150 per 1  juta penduduk.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status besi pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang menjalani Hemodialisis di Instalasi Tindakan Hemodialisis BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode retrospektif deskriptif berdasarkan data primer pada periode November 2013 – Desember 2013 di Instalasi Tindakan Hemodialisis BLU RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou dengan variabel penelitian yang digunakan yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, hasil laboratorium, penyebab PGK, lama menjalani Hemodialisis. Hasil: Hasil dari peneltian ini adalah dari 57 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berdasarkan jenis kelamin, laki – laki 41 (72%) dan perempuan 16 (28%), berdasarkan kelompok umur terbanyak pada usia 41-64 tahun 38 (67%), distribusi hasil laboratorium berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin, laki – laki terbanyak pada kadar 8-8,9 g/dL 15 (37%), sama halnya pada perempuan 5 (32%), berdasarkan kadar hematokrit pada laki – laki terbanyak pada kadar 24-26,9% 14 (34%), dan perempuan pada kadar 21 – 23,9% 5 (32%), berdasarkan nilai serum iron terbanyak nilai 59-158 ug/dL 33 (58%), berdasarkan nilai TIBC terbanyak nilai <250 ug/dL 52 (91%), berdasarkan nilai saturasi transferin ter-banyak nilai >50% 27 (48%), berdasarkan penyebab PGK terbanyak akibat Hipertensi nefrosklerosis 56 (98%). Simpulan:pada penelitian ini terbanyak pada jenis kelamin laki – laki dan kelompok umur 20 – 64 tahun. Kata kunci: Penyakit ginjal kronik, Serum iron, TIBC, Saturasi transferin.

Background CKD Patients on routine hemodial­ysis (HD) are prone to medical complications and conditions that are potentially detrimental to the quality of life (QoL), such as anemia, malnutri­tion, low body mass index (BMI), HD shift time, and HD adequacy measured by Kt/V. CKD patients undergoing routine HD mostly have lowered QoL and are at higher risk for malnutrition, inflammation, hospitalization, and mortality, compared to the general population. This study intends to find out wheth­er there is a correlation between these factors and the quality of life of patients undergoing rou­tine hemodialysis. Methods The design of this study is a cross-sectional analysis of observational data. Hemodialysis patients from general hospital Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado for 3 months from August to October 2017 were included. Fifty-two patients meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The correlation between quality of life with anemia, serum albumin, BMI, adequacy of HD, using Pearson correlation test (if normality test fulfilled) or Spearman correlation test (if the normality test not fulfilled) and Independent Samples T-test to assess the quality of life with HD shift time. Results This study found no correlation between hemoglobin levels (p=0.244, r=-0.098), BMI (p=0.473, r=-0.010), HD timing (p=0.082) and quality of life of the patients, but a significant correlation between se­rum albumin (p=0.020, r=0.286), HD adequacy mea­sured by Kt/V (p=0.030, r=0.257) and subjects’ qual­ity of life. Conclusion This study showed that serum albumin and Kt/V values had a significant correlation with quality of life, while hemoglobin, BMI and dialy­sis shift time are not related to the quality of life.

Alcohol consumption is the third biggest risk factor as a cause of disease and disability in the world, and is the biggest risk factor in America and second biggest in Europe as the cause of disease and disability. Alcohol is a causalfactorin 60 types of diseases and injuries and a component cause in 200 others. There are many diseases that is caused by alcohol consumption, one of them causes impaired liver function, such as alcoholic liver disease. However according to the theory, not all alcoholics will have an impaired liver function, so this reasearch was done to confirm that theory. Alcoholism will be measured by the AUDIT questionnaire and the impaired liver function will be measured by the increase in the GGT enzyme. Conclusion: Not all chronic alcoholics will have impaired liver function with the same amount of alcohol consumption. Keywords: alcohol, impaired liver function, alcoholic liver disease, AUDIT, GGT.     Abstrak: Konsumsi alkohol merupakan faktor risiko terbesar ketiga di dunia sebagai penyebab penyakit dan disabilitas, dan merupakan faktor risiko terbesar pertama di Amerika serta faktor risiko terbesar kedua di Eropa sebagai penyebab penyakit dan disabilitas. Alkohol merupakan faktor penyebab dari sekitar 60 jenis penyakit dan merupakan faktor komponen dari 200 jenis penyakit lainnya. Terdapat berbagai jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi alkohol, salah satunya adalah gangguan fungsi hati seperti penyakit hati alkoholik (alcoholic liver disease). Namun menurut teori tidak semua peminum alkohol akan mengalami gangguan fungsi hati, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memastikan teori tersebut. Gangguan konsumsi alkohol akan diperiksa menggunakan kuesioner AUDIT dan gangguan fungsi hati akan diperiksa melalui peningkatan enzim GGT. Simpulan: Tidak semua peminum alkohol kronik akan mengalami gangguan fungsi hati dengan jumlah konsumsi alkohol yang sama. Kata kunci: alkohol, gangguan fungsi hati, penyakit hati alkoholik, AUDIT, GGT.