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ITT Industries Space Systems Division (Space Systems) has developed an airborne natural gas leak detection system designed to detect, image, quantify, and precisely locate leaks from natural gas transmission pipelines. This system is called the Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) system. The ANGEL system uses a highly sensitive differential absorption Lidar technology to remotely detect pipeline leaks. The ANGEL System is operated from a fixed wing aircraft and includes automatic scanning, pointing system, and pilot guidance systems. During a pipeline inspection, the ANGEL system aircraft flies at an elevation of 1000 feet above the ground at speeds of between 100 and 150 mph.Under this contract with DOE/NETL, Space Systems was funded to integrate the ANGEL sensor into a test aircraft and conduct a series of flight tests over a variety of test targets including simulated natural gas pipeline leaks. Following early tests in upstate New York in the summer of 2004, the ANGEL system was deployed to Casper, Wyoming to participate in a set of DOEsponsored field tests at the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC).At RMOTC the Space Systems team completed integration of the system and flew an operational system for the first time. The ANGEL system flew 2 missions/day for the duration for the 5-day test. Over the course of the week the ANGEL System detected leaks ranging from 100 to 5,000 scfh.

Aerial leak detection by use of Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) technology has become a viable technique for detecting, quantifying and pinpointing methane emissions from underground pipelines and operating facilities. This paper describes a number of leak detection survey projects performed throughout North America using the DIAL technology from a fixed wing aircraft. The technology was deployed: • In test situations designed to measure the detection capability and lower detection threshold; • In long distance, large diameter, high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines traversing extremely rugged terrain; • In medium pressure pipelines in populated, higher consequence areas. Results from each of the airborne DIAL leakage survey mission scenarios will be described.

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Over the summer of 2005 ITT Space Systems Division successfully detected, measured, and imaged a range of different hazardous liquids from an airborne platform during a series of field tests in Texas and New York. Under contract from the United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT/PHMSA), ITT examined the ability of its Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) Service’s system to detect, measure, and image a wide range of different hydrocarbons from a remote sensing airborne platform. The objectives of the DOT/PHMSA contract were to: 1) develop an understanding of hazardous liquid pipeline leaks, 2) demonstrate that ITT’s DIAL (differential absorption lidar) technology can detect and measure hazardous liquid emissions over a broad area and in real world conditions, and 3) use this information to design a “next generation” airborne sensor system optimized for the detection of both natural gas and hazardous liquid emissions. Hazardous liquids examined in this study included propane, gas condensates, crude oil, and refined hydrocarbons like gasoline, aviation gas, diesel fuel, Jet A, and kerosene. As part of this study, ITT, in cooperation with El Paso Production and Texas A&M–Corpus Christi, completed two separate sets of overflights of a hazardous liquid storage facility. During each set of overflights, data was collected with the storage facility’s vapor recovery unit (VRU) operating and again after the VRU was turned off. In addition, hatches on each of the tanks were opened to create further emission sources. Additional aerial collections of gasoline vapors, propane, and natural gas were also completed. Data from each of the overflights was processed and the results analyzed. The ITT ANGEL Service technology was shown to be capable of rapidly detecting, measuring, and imaging a wide range of different hydrocarbons while flying at an altitude of 1,000 feet and speeds of up to 150 mph. An overview of the results from these flight tests and a discussion of the DOT/PHMSA Hazardous-Liquid Airborne Lidar Observation Study findings will be discussed.