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This paper considers the economic impact of the sports tourism expenditures associated with regular season sports competition. In particular the sports tourism characteristics of the supporters of the two largest football clubs in Scotland -Celtic FC and Rangers FC -are investigated. Both of these clubs are based in Glasgow, but play matches (and draw supporters from) across and outside Scotland. The paper quantifies the direct, indirect and induced effects of this expenditure using a novel extension of a tworegion Input Output (IO) table for Glasgow and the rest of Scotland. The IO system is used to calculate net additional economic activity, in terms of GDP and employment, from gross and displaced activity at different regional levels.

This paper uses UK plant-level survey data to examine the relative importance of industry concentration, technological opportunity and locational factors in determining innovation propensity.The results suggest no evidence that industry concentration has any signi®cant positive e¨ect on innovation. Industries' technological characteristics are important, however, with the potential for industry-speci®c spill-over effects. Plants' own technological activities in terms of undertaking R&D and having an R&D department were also important determinants of innovation propensity as were plants' participation in technology transfer and inter-®rm networks. Strong locational e¨ects were identi®ed relating to industrial composition, the level of R&D activity, external ownership, the preponderance of small ®rms and the general level of regional prosperity. In addition, strong interactions were evident between plants' R&D activity and their regional environment. Undertaking R&D enabled plants to take advantage of any environmental bene®ts for innovation and insulated them from potential negative e¨ects.