This study examines the impact of having an anthropomorphic information agent (a humanlike chatbot that acts as an interactive online information provider) in an online store on consumers’ attitude toward the Web site, product, and their purchase intentions. Using consumer experiments, we show that the impact of the anthropomorphic information agent is moderated by the amount of static product information available on the Web site and the consumer's consumption motive at the time of visiting the Web site. Our results indicate that the anthropomorphic information agent has a positive effect when static product information on the Web site is limited. Furthermore, we show that when detailed product information is readily available on the Web site, the anthropomorphic information agent can prove detrimental when the consumer has a utilitarian consumption motive.

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In a recently published paper [S. Sivaramakrishnan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 132904 (2013)], the electrode-size dependence of the longitudinal effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33,f) of piezoelectric thin films measured by double beam laser interferometry was shown to be due to the substrate clamping effects. It was also shown that the true d33,f is measured when the ratio of the electrode size to the substrate thickness is approximately unity, in the case of a substrate with isotropic elastic properties and a Poisson's ratio of ∼0.3. In this paper, we further investigate the dependence of the critical ratio (rc) of the electrode size to the substrate thickness at which the true d33,f is measured on the substrate Poisson's ratio for isotopic substrates and for the important case of the anisotropic Si substrate. It turns out that it is the out-of-plane Poisson's ratio (-s13/s11) that is relevant for this measurement technique and not the in-plane Poisson's ratio which is highly anisotropic for the (001) oriented Si. Furthermore, we show that the transverse effective piezoelectric coefficient (e31,f) can also be determined from the same measurement of the electrode size dependence of d33,f. This provides a convenient non-destructive wafer-level measurement technique for the determination of both the piezoelectric coefficients simultaneously. Moreover, this technique is also capable of measuring e31,f under varying electric field excitation which is important for many applications such as actuators.

The electrode size dependence of the effective large signal piezoelectric response coefficient (d 33,f) of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films is investigated by using double beam laser interferometer measurements and finite element modeling. The experimentally observed electrode size dependence is shown to arise from a contribution from the substrate. The intrinsic PZT contribution to d 33,f is independent of electrode size and is equal to the theoretical value derived assuming a rigid substrate. The substrate contribution is strongly dependent on the relative size of the electrode with respect to the substrate thickness. For electrode sizes larger than the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution is positive and for electrode sizes smaller than the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution is negative. In the case of silicon substrates, if the electrode size is equal to the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution vanishes, and the measured value of d 33,f is equal to the theoretical value under the rigid substrate assumption. V