No abstract

Contract farming (CF) is an important tool to initiate structural transformation of agricultural sector in developing countries. However, one of pertinent problems in its establishment is asymmetric information. This problem creates a condition of mutual distrust between the contracting parties and decreases farmer’s participation in it. Thus, this study aimed to explain the asymmetric information problem in CF and find the correlates of farmer’s participation in it. As one of important industrial crops, this study focused on tobacco CF. This study was conducted at two villages (Antirogo and Nogosari) on two different sub-district (Sumbersari and Rambipuji) in Jember. A sample of 113 farmers were interviewed to collect the data. A descriptive analysis was used to explain the contract arrangement and asymmetric information in tobacco CF. A probit estimation was used to identify the coorelates of farmer’s participation in tobacco CF. The results showed that asymetric information does exists in tobacco CF and can be minimized through intense monitoring and increased transparancy. Both of these are possible when the company contracting directly with farmers. Meanwhile, younger farmer and those with more land are more likely to participate in CF. Furthermore, participation in CF is highly correlated with the increases in farm income. Finally, policy aimed to fostering CF should focused more on regulation that minimize the transaction cost of CF. In addition, in the long term, the policy should focused on incentivize young farmers and encouraging youth to enter agriculture.

Durian merupakan salah satu jenis buah-buahan yang bergizi tinggi dan mempunyai peluang besar untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan karakterisitik konsumen durian lokal; (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi terhadap preferensi konsumen buah durian lokal; dan (3) membuat strategi pengembangan minat konsumen terhadap buah durian lokal. Penentuan daerah penelitian secara purposive method yakni di Kabupaten Jember. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara nonprobability sampling dan incidental sampling. Metode analisis data dengan deskriptif, analisis faktor dan analisis Medan Kekuatan (FFA). Kesimpulan penelitian: (1) Karakteristik konsumen durian lokal berdasarkan kategori: (a) umur mayoritas responden berada pada golongan umur 27-37 tahun dengan proporsi 45,16%, (b) jenis kelamin konsumen mayoritas adalah perempuan dengan jumlah 47 orang (50,54%), (c) pekerjaan, mayoritas bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta dengan jumlah 40 orang atau sebesar 43,01%, (d) tingkat pendidikan, mayoritas berada pada tingkat pendidikan SMP dengan jumlah 60 orang atau sebesar 64,52%, (e) jumlah anggota keluarga, mayoritas memiliki 2 hingga 4 orang dengan proporsi 69%, dan kategori (f) tingkat pendapatan, mayoritas berada pada kategori sedang dengan jumlah responden 48 orang atau sebesar 51,61%. (2) Dari 11 faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam preferensi konsumen memilih buah durian lokal terkategori menjadi 5 faktor yakni: (a) faktor warna kulit buah (hijau-muda, hijau-tua, hijau-cokelat, dan cokelat-tua); (b) faktor panjang duri (pendek, sedang, dan panjang); (c) faktor warna daging cerah (kuning dan merah); (d) faktor tekstur (lembut-basah, lembut-kering/pulen, berkrim, dan berserat); dan (e) faktor rasa buah durian (manis-pahit, manis-legit, manis-sedang, dan kurang manis).

Tembakau rajang samporis merupakan tembakau dari persilangan sompor dan moris, di daerah Kecamatan Jelbuk yang sudah terjadi persilangan secara alami namun bagian kedinasan perkebunan dan kehutanan menyebutnya dengan tembakau maesan 1 sementara masyarakat tetap menyebutnya dengan sebutan tembakau samporis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pendapatan petani tembakau rajang samporis di Desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember; (2) efisiensi biaya usahatani tembakau rajang samporis di Desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember; (3) strategi pengembangan usahatani tembakau rajang samporis di Desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember. Penentuan daerah penelitian menggunakan purposive method. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analitis. Metode pengambilan contoh menggunakan total sampling dengan responden sebanyak 31 petani. Analisis data menggunakan analisis pendapatan, analisis efisiensi biaya dan analisis SWOT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa:(1) usahatani tembakau samporis di Desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember adalah menguntungkan dengan rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp 2.089.242/ha/musim. (2) Penggunaan biaya produksi pada usahatani tembakau samporis di desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember adalah efisien dengan nilai sebesar 1,44. (3) Analisis SWOT pada usahatani tembakau samporis di Desa Jelbuk Kecamatan Jelbuk Kabupaten Jember berada pada posisi White Area (Bidang Kuat-Berpeluang). Kata kunci: Tembakau Rajang samporis, pendapatan petani temabakau Rajang, strategi pengembangan

<p>The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.</p>