Many standardized tests are now administered via computer rather than paperand-pencil format. In a computer-based testing environment, it is possible to record not only the test taker's response to each question (item) but also the amount of time spent by the test taker in considering and answering each item. Response times (RTs) provide information not only about the test taker's ability and response behavior but also about item and test characteristics. This study focuses on the use of RTs to detect aberrant test-taker responses. An example of such aberrance is a correct answer with a short RT on a difficult question. Such aberrance may be displayed when a test taker or test takers have preknowledge of the items. Another example is rapid guessing, wherein the test taker displays unusually short RTs for a series of items. When rapid guessing occurs at the end of a timed test, it often indicates that the test taker has run out of time before completing the test. In this study, Bayesian tests of significance for detecting various types of aberrant RT patterns are proposed and evaluated. In a simulation study, the tests were successful in identifying aberrant response patterns. A real data example is given to illustrate the use of the proposed person-fit tests for RTs.

With computerized testing, it is possible to record both the responses of test takers to test questions (i.e., items) and the amount of time spent by a test taker in responding to each question. Various models have been proposed that take into account both test-taker ability and working speed, with the many models assuming a constant working speed throughout the test. The constant working speed assumption may be inappropriate for various reasons. For example, a test taker may need to adjust the pace due to time mismanagement, or a test taker who started out working too fast may reduce the working speed to improve accuracy. A model is proposed here that allows for variable working speed. An illustration of the model using the Amsterdam Chess Test data is provided.

Response accuracy and response time data can be analyzed with a joint model to measure ability and speed of working, while accounting for relationships between item and person characteristics. In this study, person‐fit statistics are proposed for joint models to detect aberrant response accuracy and/or response time patterns. The person‐fit tests take the correlation between ability and speed into account, as well as the correlation between item characteristics. They are posited as Bayesian significance tests, which have the advantage that the extremeness of a test statistic value is quantified by a posterior probability. The person‐fit tests can be computed as by‐products of a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Simulation studies were conducted in order to evaluate their performance. For all person‐fit tests, the simulation studies showed good detection rates in identifying aberrant patterns. A real data example is given to illustrate the person‐fit statistics for the evaluation of the joint model.

The dominant argument about the work of Everyday Makers states that apathy encourages community involvement in solving public problems. This qualitative case study aims to explore the workings of the Everyday Makers practice in the case of Malang Garbage Bank management. Unlike the previous argument, this study found an enthusiastic attitude that encouraged the community to work together in handling the waste problem in Malang city. The enthusiastic attitude that drives the community to work with the government and the private sector is the philosophy of Ojrek Bareng which is based on Arek Culture. This philosophy was reflected in the expression of the community in dealing with waste problems, namely sengkuyung seduluran (brotherhood spirit), ewuh pakewuh (uneasy feelings) and tanpo pamrih (sincere). This study debates the workings of Everyday Makers, that what drives the work of Everyday Makers in solving public problems is public's apathy towards the government. However, this study found that Ojrek Bareng as acommunity enthusiasm in solving waste problems through the Malang Garbage Bank. The practical implications of this study were the governance of public issue. Keywords: Everyday Makers, Governance, Malang Garbage Bank Abstrak Argumen dominan tentang bekerjanya Everyday Makers menyebutkan bahwa sikap apati mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan publik. Studi kasus kualitatif ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bekerjanya praktik Everyday Makers dalam kasus pengelolaan Bank Sampah Malang. Berbeda dengan argumen sebelumnya, studi ini menemukan sikap antusias yang mendorong masyarakat untuk bekerjasama dalam penanganan masalah sampah di Kota Malang. Sikap antusias yang mendorong masyarakat untuk bekerjasama dengan pemerintah dan swasta adalah filosofi Ojrek Bareng yang dilandasi oleh Budaya Arek. Filosofi ini tercermin dari ungkapan masyarakat dalam menangani permasalahan sampah yaitu sengkuyung seduluran (semangat persaudaraan), ewuh pakewuh (perasaan tidak enak) dan tanpo pamrih (tanpa pamrih). Studi ini mendebat bekerjanya Everyday Makers, bahwa yang mendorong bekerjanya Everyday Makers dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan publik adalah sikap apati masyarakat terhadap pemerintah. Namun, studi ini menemukan bahwa Ojrek Bareng sebagai bentuk antusiasme masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan masalah sampah lewat Bank Sampah Malang. Implikasi praktis dari studi ini adalah tata kelola masalah publik. Kata kunci: Everyday Makers, Governance, Bank Sampah Malang

Universitas Brawijaya (UB) is one of the pioneers of inclusive education in higher education in Indonesia. One of the innovations in the policies related to inclusive education is affirmative action admissions special for students with disabilities, namely Seleksi Mandiri Penyandang Disabilitas (Independent Selection for Person with Disabilities), which focuses on accommodating admissions selection for students with disabilities who want to enroll in bachelors or vocational programs. A part of this admission selection is the test called the Computer-Based Academic Potential Test. This study aims to evaluate, from a psychometric perspective, the psychometric properties of the potential academic test. The approach used in this study is the item response theory (IRT) framework, which is mostly used for evaluating psychometric quality at both item-level and test levels. This study's IRT model is a two-parameter logistic model that includes difficulty parameter and discrimination parameter. The result of this study exhibited that the three subtests of the Computer-Based Academic Potential Test, in general, have satisfying results from the 2PL model estimation. The result also showed that most of the item difficulties ranged from medium to very difficult.